Skip to main content

Fat Tree Algebraic Formal Modelling Applied to Fog Computing

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
ICT Innovations 2020. Machine Learning and Applications (ICT Innovations 2020)

Abstract

Fog computing brings distributed computing resources closer to end users, thus allowing for better performance in internet of things applications. In this context, if all necessary resources worked together in an autonomous manner, there might be no need for an orchestrator to manage the whole process, as long as there is no Cloud or Edge infrastructure involved. This way, control messages would not flood the entire network and more efficiency would be achieved. In this paper, a framework composed by a string of sequential wireless relays is presented, each one being attached to a fog computing node and all of those being interconnected by a fat tree architecture. To start with, all items involved in that structure are classified into different layers, and in turn, they are modelled by using Algebra of Communicating Processes. At this stage, a couple of scenarios are being proposed: first, an ideal one where the physical path always takes the same direction and storage space is not an issue, and then, a more realistic one where the physical path may take both directions and there may be storage constraints.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yousefpour, A., Ishigaki, G., Jue, J.P.: Fog computing: towards minimizing delay in the Internet of Things. In: Narhstedt, K., Zhu, H. (eds.) 2017 IEEE 1st International Conference on Edge Computing, pp. 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEE.EDGE.2017.12

  2. Iorga, M. et al.: Fog Computing Conceptual Model - Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. US Department of Commerce (2018). https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.500-325

  3. Khan, S., Parkinson, S., Qin, Y.: Fog computing security: a review of current applications and security solutions. J. Cloud Comput. 6(1), 1–22 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Stojmenovic, I.: Fog computing: a cloud to the ground support for smart things and machine-to-machine networks. In: Gregory, M. (eds.) Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, pp. 117–122. ATNAC, Melbourne (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ATNAC.2014.7020884

  5. Quemada, J.: Formal description techniques and software engineering: some reflections after 2 decades of research. In: de Frutos-Escrig, D., Núñez, M. (eds.) Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems FORTE 2004, vol. 3235, pp. 33–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30232-2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Padua, D.: Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09766-4

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Lockefeer, L., Williams, D.M., Fokkink, W.: Specification and verification of TCP extended with the window scale option. In: Lang, F., Flammini, F. (eds.) Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems 2014, Science of Computer Programming, vol. 118, pp. 3–23. Elvesier, Amsterdam (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2015.08.005

  8. Fokkink, W.: Introduction to Process Algebra. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04293-9

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Jyothi, S.A., Dong, M., Godfrey, P.B.: Towards a flexible data center fabric with source routing. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Symposium on Software Defined Networking Research, Article No. 10. ACM, New York (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2774993.2775005

  10. Adda, M., Peratikou, A.: Routing and fault tolerance in Z-Fat tree. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distribut. Syst. 28(8), 2373–2386 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2666807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Fares, M., Loukissas, A., Vahdat, A.: A scalable, commodity data center network architecture. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 38(4), 63–74 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1402946.1402967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Guo, Z., Duan, J., Yang, Y.: Oversubscription bounded multicast scheduling in fat-tree data center networks. In: 2013 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS), pp. 598–600. IEEE (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2013.30

  13. Kaur, P., Rani, A.: Virtual machine migration in cloud computing. Int. J. Grid Distrib. Comput. 8(5), 337–342 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14257/ijgdc.2015.8.5.33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Filiposka, S., Mishev, A., Juiz, C.: Community-based VM placement framework. J. Supercomputing 71(12), 4504–4528 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1546-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Osanaiye, O., Chen, S., Yan, Z., Lu, R., Choo, K.R., Dlodlo, M.: From cloud to fog computing: a review and a conceptual live VM migration framework. IEEE Access 5, 8284–8300 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2692960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Roig, P.J., Alcaraz, S., Gilly, K., Juiz, C.: Modelling VM migration in a fog computing environment. Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika 25(5), 75–81 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.5.24360

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Juan Roig .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Roig, P.J., Alcaraz, S., Gilly, K., Filiposka, S. (2020). Fat Tree Algebraic Formal Modelling Applied to Fog Computing. In: Dimitrova, V., Dimitrovski, I. (eds) ICT Innovations 2020. Machine Learning and Applications. ICT Innovations 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1316. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62098-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62098-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62097-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62098-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics