Skip to main content

Pricing Digital Arts and Culture Through PWYW Strategies

A Reconsideration of the Ricardian Theory of Value

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation (ICDEc 2020)

Abstract

Starting from empirical observations, this paper discusses the valuation problem of digital arts and culture, exploring the potentialities of value-based pricing strategies for digital arts markets by specifically examining the case of informal art market in Lebanon. In particular, the “Pay What You Want” (PWYW, also known as “Pay As You Wish”) participative pricing strategy seems suitable for products that are largely dependent on untraditional motivations that contradict the rational choice theory, especially when the marginal costs are insignificant for producers or can’t be calculated objectively for artistic and cultural products. We suggest that the PWYW pricing strategy in the digital art markets leads to a shift from price discrimination to value discrimination, when the value in use of reproducible digital arts is determining the exchange value, and the producers are capturing the maximum customers’ surplus they are entitled to receive.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexandrov, A., Lilly, B., Babakus, E.: The effects of social-and self-motives on the intentions to share positive and negative word of mouth. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 41(5), 531–546 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C: The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More. Hachette Books (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christopher, R.M., Machado, F.S.: Consumer response to design variations in pay-what-you-want pricing. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 47(5), 879–898 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00659-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elster, J.: Le désintéressement. Seuil, Paris (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier, P.A., Klaauw, B.V.D.: Selection in a field experiment with voluntary participation. J. Appl. Econ. 27(1), 63–84 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gneezy, A., Gneezy, U., Riener, G., Nelson, L.D.: Pay-what-you-want, identity, and self-signaling in markets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109(19), 7236–7240 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungenberg, H., Enders, A., Denker, H.P., Mauch, S.: The long tail of social networking: revenue models of social networking sites. Eur. Manag. J. 26(3), 199–211 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.Y., Natter, M., Spann, M.: Pay what you want: a new participative pricing mechanism. J. Mark. 73(1), 44–58 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.Y., Natter, M., Spann, M.: Kish: Where customers pay as they wish. Rev. Mark. Sci. 8(2) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunter, M.: Exploring the pay-what-you-want payment motivation. J. Bus. Res. 68(11), 2347–2357 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • León, F.J., Noguera, J.A., Tena-Sánchez, J.: How much would you like to pay? Trust, reciprocity and prosocial motivations in El trato. Soc. Sci. Inform. 51(3), 389–417 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marett, K., Pearson, R., Moore, R.S.: Pay what you want: an exploratory study of social exchange and buyer-determined prices of iProducts. Commun. Assoc. Inform. Syst. 30(1), 10 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A.R., Sieben, W.A.: The effect of prior knowledge on price acceptability and the type of information examined. J. Consum. Res. 19(2), 256–270 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reisman, R., Payne, A., Frow, P.: Pricing in consumer digital markets: a dynamic framework. Aust. Mark. J. 27(3), 139–148 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricardo, D.: On the Principles of Political Economy. J. Murray, London (1821)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schons, Laura Marie., Rese, Mario., Wieseke, Jan., Rasmussen, Wiebke., Weber, Daniel, Strotmann, Wolf-Christian: There is nothing permanent except change—analyzing individual price dynamics in “pay-what-you-want” situations. Mark. Lett. 25(1), 25–36 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-013-9237-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shampanier, K., Mazar, N., Ariely, D.: Zero as a special price: The true value of free products. Mark. Sci. 26(6), 742–757 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, F.: Optimal pricing of museum admission. J. Cult. Econ. 21(4), 307–333 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, R.H., Sunstein, C.R.: Nudge: improving decisions about health. Wealth Happiness 6 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO: Creative economy report 2013: Special edition: Widening local development pathways. UNCTAD (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Buskirk, E.: ComScore: 2 Out of 5 Downloaders Paid for Radiohead’s ‘In Rainbows’ (Average Price: $6)’, WIRED, 5 November (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Viglia, G., Maras, M., Schumann, J., Navarro-Martinez, D.: Paying before or paying after? Timing and uncertainty in pay-what-you-want pricing. J. Serv. Res. 22(3), 272–284 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rim Haidar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Antoun-Nakhle, R., Hariri, N., Haidar, R. (2020). Pricing Digital Arts and Culture Through PWYW Strategies. In: Bach Tobji, M.A., Jallouli, R., Samet, A., Touzani, M., Strat, V.A., Pocatilu, P. (eds) Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation. ICDEc 2020. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 395. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64642-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64642-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64641-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64642-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics