Skip to main content

CAPTCHAs Are Still in Danger: An Efficient Scheme to Bypass Adversarial CAPTCHAs

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Information Security Applications (WISA 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 12583))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is a challenge that is used to distinguish between humans and robots. However, attackers bypass the CAPTCHA schemes using deep learning (DL) based solvers. To defeat the attackers, CAPTCHA defense methods utilizing adversarial examples that are known for fooling deep learning models have been proposed.

In this paper, we propose an efficient CAPTCHA solver that periodically retrain the solver model when its accuracy drops. The proposed method uses incremental learning that requires a small amount of data while achieving high accuracy. We demonstrate that the proposed solver bypasses the existing defense methods based on a text-based CAPTCHA scheme and an image-based CAPTCHA scheme.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Athalye, A., Carlini, N., Wagner, D.: Obfuscated gradients give a false sense of security: circumventing defenses to adversarial examples. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.00420 (2018)

  2. Bursztein, E., Aigrain, J., Moscicki, A., Mitchell, J.C.: The end is nigh: generic solving of text-based captchas. In: 8th \(\{\)USENIX\(\}\) Workshop on Offensive Technologies (\(\{\)WOOT\(\}\) 14) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bursztein, E., Martin, M., Mitchell, J.: Text-based captcha strengths and weaknesses. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security. pp. 125–138. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Carlini, N., Wagner, D.: Towards evaluating the robustness of neural networks. In: 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 39–57. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Goodfellow, I.J., Shlens, J., Szegedy, C.: Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6572 (2014)

  6. Guo, C., Rana, M., Cisse, M., van der Maaten, L.: Countering adversarial images using input transformations. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2018), https://openreview.net/forum?id=SyJ7ClWCb

  7. Guo, H., Wang, S., Fan, J., Li, S.: Learning automata based incremental learning method for deep neural networks. IEEE Access 7, 41164–41171 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hossen, M.I., Tu, Y., Rabby, M.F., Islam, M.N., Cao, H., Hei, X.: Bots work better than human beings : An online system to break Google’s image-based Recaptcha v2 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liao, F., Liang, M., Dong, Y., Pang, T., Hu, X., Zhu, J.: Defense against adversarial attacks using high-level representation guided denoiser. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1778–1787 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Madry, A., Makelov, A., Schmidt, L., Tsipras, D., Vladu, A.: Towards deep learning models resistant to adversarial attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.06083 (2017)

  11. Makris, C., Town, C.: Character segmentation for automatic captcha solving. Open Computer Science Journal 1(1) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Osadchy, M., Hernandez-Castro, J., Gibson, S., Dunkelman, O., Pérez-Cabo, D.: No bot expects the deepcaptcha! introducing immutable adversarial examples, with applications to captcha generation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 12(11), 2640–2653 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Papernot, N., McDaniel, P., Goodfellow, I.: Transferability in machine learning: from phenomena to black-box attacks using adversarial samples. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.07277 (2016)

  14. Rui, C., Jing, Y., Rong-gui, H., Shu-guang, H.: A novel lstm-rnn decoding algorithm in captcha recognition. In: 2013 Third International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control, pp. 766–771. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schmidt, L., Santurkar, S., Tsipras, D., Talwar, K., Madry, A.: Adversarially robust generalization requires more data. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 5014–5026 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shi, C., et al.: Adversarial captchas. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.01107 (2019)

  17. Sivakorn, S., Polakis, I., Keromytis, A.D.: I am robot:(deep) learning to break semantic image captchas. In: 2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), pp. 388–403. IEEE (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Stark, F., Hazırbas, C., Triebel, R., Cremers, D.: Captcha recognition with active deep learning. In: Workshop new challenges in neural computation. vol. 2015, p. 94. Citeseer (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tian, S., Yang, G., Cai, Y.: Detecting adversarial examples through image transformation. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, Y., Lu, M.: An optimized system to solve text-based captcha. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07202 (2018)

  21. Ye, G., et al.: Yet another text captcha solver: A generative adversarial network based approach. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 332–348. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang, L., Huang, S.G., Shi, Z.X., Hu, R.G.: Captcha recognition method based on rnn of lstm. Pattern Recogn. Artif. Intell. 24(1), 40–47 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. 2018-0-01392).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jong Kim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Na, D., Park, N., Ji, S., Kim, J. (2020). CAPTCHAs Are Still in Danger: An Efficient Scheme to Bypass Adversarial CAPTCHAs. In: You, I. (eds) Information Security Applications. WISA 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12583. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65299-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65299-9_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65298-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65299-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics