Abstract
Locating deadlock opportunities in large Java libraries is a subject of much research as the Java Execution Environment (JVM /JRE) does not provide means to predict or prevent deadlocks. Researchers have used static and dynamic approaches to analyze the problem.
Static approaches: With very large libraries, this analysis face typical accuracy/doability problem. If they employ a detailed modelling of the library, then the size of the analysis grows too large. Instead, if their model is coarse grained, then the results have too many false cases. Since they do not generate deadlocking test cases, manually creating deadlocking code based on the predictions is impractical for large libraries.
Dynamic approaches: Such analysis produces concrete results in the form of actual test cases to demonstrate the reachability of the identified deadlock. Unfortunately, for large libraries, generating the seed test execution paths covering all possible classes, to trigger the dynamic analysis becomes impractical.
In this work we combine a static approach (Stalemate) and a dynamic approach (Omen) to detect deadlocks in large Java libraries. We first run ‘Stalemate’ to generate a list of potential deadlocking classes. We feed this as input test case to Omen. In case of deadlock, details are logged for subsequent reproduction. This process is automated without the need for manual intervention.
We subjected the entire JRE v1.7.0\(\_\)79 libraries (rt.jar) to our implementation of the above approach and successfully detected 113 deadlocks. We reported a few of them to Oracle as defects. They were accepted as bugs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Shanbhag, V.K.: Locating lock order violations in Java libraries - a scalable static analysis. Ph.D. dissertation. IIIT - Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (2015). Reference [2] is the preliminary work of this thesis. Contact: IIIT-B Library (iiitblibrary@iiitb.org) or Author (vivek.shanbag@gmail.com)
Shanbhag, V.K.: Deadlock-detection in Java-library using static-analysis. In: 2008 15th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, Beijing, 2008, pp. 361–368 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/APSEC.2008.68
Pandey, S., Bhat, S., Shanbhag, V.: Avoiding deadlocks using stalemate and Dimmunix. In: Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE Companion 2014), pp. 602–603. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2591062.2591136
Samak, M., Ramanathan, M.K.: Multithreaded test synthesis for deadlock detection. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications (OOPSLA 2014), pp. 473–489. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2660193.2660238
Nagarakatte, S., Burckhardt, S., Martin, M.M.K., Musuvathi, M.: Multicore acceleration of priority-based schedulers for concurrency bug detection. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2012), pp. 543–554. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2254064.2254128
Eslamimehr, M., Palsberg, J.: Sherlock: scalable deadlock detection for concurrent programs. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE 2014), pp. 353–365. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635918
Jula, H., Tralamazza, D., Zamfir, C., Candea, G.: Deadlock immunity: enabling systems to defend against deadlocks. In: Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation (OSDI 2008), pp. 295–308. USENIX Association, USA (2008)
Jula, H., Tözün, P., Candea, G.: Communix: a framework for collaborative deadlock immunity. In: 2011 IEEE/IFIP 41st International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), Hong Kong, pp. 181–188 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/DSN.2011.5958217
Pradel, M., Gross, T.R.: Fully automatic and precise detection of thread safety violations. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2012), pp. 521–530. . Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2254064.2254126
Pacheco, C., Ernst, M.D.: Randoop: feedback-directed random testing for Java. In: Companion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems and Applications Companion (OOPSLA 2007), pp. 815–816. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2007). https://doi.org/10.1145/1297846.1297902
Choudhary, A., Lu, S., Pradel, M.: Efficient detection of thread safety violations via coverage-guided generation of concurrent tests. In: 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, pp. 266–277 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2017.32
Naik, M., Park, C.-S., Sen, K., Gay, D.: Effective static deadlock detection. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2009), pp. 386–396. IEEE Computer Society, USA (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2009.5070538
Naik, M., Aiken, A., Whaley, J.: Effective static race detection for Java. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2006), pp. 308–319. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1133981.1134018
Joshi, P., Park, C.-S., Sen, K., Naik, M.: A randomized dynamic program analysis technique for detecting real deadlocks. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2009), pp. 110–120. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1542476.1542489
Williams, A., Thies, W., Ernst, M.D.: Static deadlock detection for Java libraries. In: Black, A.P. (ed.) ECOOP 2005. LNCS, vol. 3586, pp. 602–629. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11531142_26
Cai, Y.: A dynamic deadlock prediction, confirmation and fixing frame- work for multithreaded programs. In: Doctoral Symposium of the 26th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2012, DS) (2012)
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank Dr. Murali Krishna Ramanathan for the discussion in formulating the problem. We also thank Malavika Samak and Dr. Murali Krishna Ramanathan for permitting us to use the program developed by them for dynamic deadlock detection.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rajesh Kumar, R., Shanbhag, V., Dinesha, K.V. (2021). Automated Deadlock Detection for Large Java Libraries. In: Goswami, D., Hoang, T.A. (eds) Distributed Computing and Internet Technology. ICDCIT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12582. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65621-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65621-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65620-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65621-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)