Skip to main content

A Forensic Technique to Detect Copy-Move Forgery Based on Image Statistics

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering (SPACE 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 12586))

  • 475 Accesses

Abstract

The proliferation of easy multimedia editing tools has ruined the trust in what we see. Forensic techniques are proposed to detect forgeries unnoticeable by naked human eyes. In this paper, we focus on a specific copy-move forgery attack that happens to alter portions within an image. It may be aimed to hide any sensitive information contained in a particular image portion or misguide the facts. Here, we propose to exploit the image’s statistical properties, specifically, mean and variance, to detect the forged portions. A block-wise comparison is made based on these properties to localize the forged region called a prediction mask. Post-processing methods have been proposed to reduce false positives and improve the accuracy(F-score) of the prediction mask. This decrease in FPR in the final result is comes from post processing method of overlaying multiple masks with different values of threshold and block_size of the sliding window.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gupta, A., Saxena, N., Vasistha, S.K.: Detecting copy move forgery using DCT. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 3(5), 1 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fridrich, A.J., Soukal, B.D., Lukáš, A.J.: Detection of copy-move forgery in digital images. In: Proceedings of Digital Forensic Research Workshop (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Roy, A., Dixit, R., Naskar, R., Chakraborty, R.S.: Copy-move forgery detection exploiting statistical image features. Digital Image Forensics. SCI, vol. 755, pp. 57–64. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7644-2_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Li, G., Wu, Q., Tu, D., Sun, S.: A sorted neighborhood approach for detecting duplicated regions in image forgeries based on DWT and SVD. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1750–1753. IEEE, July 2007

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bayram, S., Sencar, H.T., Memon, N.: An efficient and robust method for detecting copy-move forgery. In: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1053–1056. IEEE, April 2009

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao, J., Guo, J.: Passive forensics for copy-move image forgery using a method based on DCT and SVD. Forensic Sci. Int. 233(1–3), 158–166 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Li, L., Li, S., Zhu, H., Chu, S.C., Roddick, J.F., Pan, J.S.: An efficient scheme for detecting copy-move forged images by local binary patterns. J. Inf. Hiding Multimed. Signal Process. 4(1), 46–56 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li, L., Li, S., Zhu, H., Wu, X.: Detecting copy-move forgery under affine transforms for image forensics. Comput. Electr. Eng. 40(6), 1951–1962 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Muhammad, G., Hussain, M., Bebis, G.: Passive copy move image forgery detection using undecimated dyadic wavelet transform. Digit. Invest. 9(1), 49–57 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee, J.C., Chang, C.P., Chen, W.K.: Detection of copy-move image forgery using histogram of orientated gradients. Inf. Sci. 321, 250–262 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kang, X., Wei, S.: Identifying tampered regions using singular value decomposition in digital image forensics. In: 2008 International Conference on Computer Science And Software Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 926–930. IEEE, December 2008

    Google Scholar 

  12. Diid.unipa.it. n.d. Download — CVIP Group. http://www.diid.unipa.it/cvip/?page_id=48#CMFD. Accessed 1 Aug 2020

  13. Sunil, K., Jagan, D., Shaktidev, M.: DCT-PCA based method for copy-move forgery detection. In: Satapathy, S., Avadhani, P., Udgata, S., Lakshminarayana, S. (eds.) ICT and Critical Infrastructure: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India-Vol II. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 249, pp. 577–583. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03095-1_62

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Huang, Y., Lu, W., Sun, W., Long, D.: Improved DCT-based detection of copy-move forgery in images. Forensic Sci. Int. 206(1–3), 178–184 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Popescu, A.C., Farid, H.: Exposing digital forgeries by detecting duplicated image regions. Department of Computer Science, rtmouth College, Technical report TR2004-515, pp. 1–11 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yang, J., Ran, P., Xiao, D., Tan, J.: Digital image forgery forensics by using undecimated dyadic wavelet transform and Zernike moments. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 9(16), 6399–6408 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang, J., Feng, Z., Su, Y.: A new approach for detecting copy-move forgery in digital images. In: 2008 11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems, pp. 362–366. IEEE, November 2008

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ayush Nirwal , Raghav Khandelwal , Smit Patel or Priyanka Singh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Nirwal, A., Khandelwal, R., Patel, S., Singh, P. (2020). A Forensic Technique to Detect Copy-Move Forgery Based on Image Statistics. In: Batina, L., Picek, S., Mondal, M. (eds) Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering. SPACE 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12586. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66626-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66626-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66625-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66626-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics