Abstract
2020 is the year of change and adaptability. The COVID19 pandemic immensely influences our everyday routines. Education is no exception as schools have to transform their classroom teaching to distance online tutoring. It is not easy on either side as educators and students encountered gaps in digital capabilities. Moreover they suddenly happen to be an online medium where different social behavior pattern immerged. We were very much interested how young adults endure and overcome this situation. In the present study the first result of our ongoing research that aimed to explore the digital competence and social presence among the students of the University of Pannonia are presented. The main objective was to see how students perceive their social situation online with their digital abilities, knowledge and level of competences. The results indicated that although on average perceived online social presence is not affected by individuals’ digital competences, significant relationships were found between some factors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rice, R.E.: Media appropriateness: using social presence theory to compare traditional and new organization media. Hum. Commun. Res. 19(4), 451–484 (1993)
Short, J.A., Williams, E., Christie, B.: The Social Psychology of Telecommunications, vol. 3. John Wiley, London (1976)
Walther, J.B.: Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: a relational perspective. Commun. Res. 19(1), 52–90 (1992)
Walther, J.B., Burgoon, J.K.: Relational communication in computer-mediated interaction. Hum. Commun. Res. 19, 50–88 (1992)
Seaman, J.E., Allen, I.E., Seaman, J.: Grade Increase: Tracking Distance Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group (2018)
Burke, L.: Colleges Move Online Amid Virus Fears (2020). https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/03/09/colleges-move-classes-online-coronavirus-infects-more
Goldstein, D.: Coronavirus is shutting schools. Is America ready for virtual learning? (2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/us/virtual-learning-challenges.html
Brown Barnes, C.J.: Noble Education survey reveals college student preparedness split: technically ready for online learning, but emotionally unsure (2020). https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200408005156/en/
Chang, C.M., Hsu, M.H.: Understanding the determinants of users’ subjective well-being in social networking sites: an integration of social capital theory and social presence theory. Behav. Inf. Technol. 35(9), 720–729 (2016)
Cui, G., Lockee, B., Meng, C.: Building modern online social presence: a review of social presence theory and its instructional design implications for future trends. Educ. Inf. Technol. 18(4), 661–685 (2013)
Dunlap, J.C., Lowenthal, P.R.: Tweeting the night away: using twitter to enhance social presence. J. Inf. Syst. Educ. 20(2), 129–136 (2009)
McLean, G., Wilson, A.: Evolving the online customer experience… is there a role for online customer support? Comput. Hum. Behav. 60, 602–610 (2016)
McLean, G., Osei-Frimpong, K.: Examining satisfaction with the experience during a live chat service encounter-implications for website providers. Comput. Hum. Behav. 76, 494–508 (2017)
Shen, K.N., Yu, A.Y., Khalifa, M.: Knowledge contribution in virtual communities: accounting for multiple dimensions of social presence through social identity. Behav. Inf. Technol. 29(4), 337–348 (2010)
Statista, Share of households with a computer at home in developed countries from 2005 to 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/748557/developed-countries-households-with-computer/. Accessed 21 may 2020
Statista, Global digital population as of April 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/. Accessed 21 May 2020
Statista, Forecast number of mobile users worldwide from 2019 to 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/218984/number-of-global-mobile-users-since-2010/. Accessed 21 May 2020
Janssen, J., Stoyanov, S., Ferrari, A., Punie, Y., Pannekeet, K., Sloep, P.: Experts’ views on digital competence: commonalities and differences. Comput. Educ. 68, 473–481 (2013)
World Bank: ICTs are creating new jobs and making labor markets more innovative, inclusive, and global – World Bank study. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-re-lease/2013/09/10/icts-are-creating-new-jobs-and-making-labor-markets-more-innovative-inclusive-and-global-world-bank-study. Accessed 01 Feb 2018
Ilomäki, L., Paavola, S., Lakkala, M., Kantosalo, A.: Digital competence–an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Educ. Inf. Technol. 21(3), 655–679 (2016)
European Community: Key competences for lifelong learning - A European framework. Publication Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (2007)
Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez S., Van den Brande, G.: DigComp 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: The Conceptual Reference Model. Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2016)
Carretero, S., Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y.: DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2017)
Brečko, B., Ferrari, A.: The Digital Competence Framework for Consumers. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2016)
Richardson, J.C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., Caskurlu, S.: Social presence in relation to students’ satisfaction and learning in the online environment: a meta-analysis. Comput. Hum. Behav. 71, 402–417 (2017)
Reio, T.G., Jr., Crim, S.J.: Social presence and student satisfaction as predictors of online enrollment intent. Am. J. Distance Educ. 27(2), 122–133 (2013)
Berger, J.B., Milem, J.F.: The role of student involvement and perceptions of integration in a causal model of student persistence. Res. High. Educ. 40(6), 641–664 (1999)
Swan, K., Shih, L.F.: On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 9(3), 115–136 (2005)
Mazzolini, M., Maddison, S.: When to jump in: the role of the instructor in online discussion forums. Comput. Educ. 49(2), 193–213 (2007)
Hughes, J.N., Luo, W., Kwok, O.M., Loyd, L.K.: Teacher-student support, effortful engagement, and achievement: a 3-year longitudinal study. J. Educ. Psychol. 100(1), 1–14 (2008)
Tu, C.H.: Online learning migration: from social learning theory to social presence theory in CMC environment. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 23(1), 27–37 (2000)
Short, J., Williams, E., Christie, B.: The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. John Wiley, Hoboken (1976)
Biocca, F., Harms, C.: Defining and measuring social presence: contribution to the networked minds theory and measure. Proceedings of Presence 2002, 1–36 (2002)
Gunawardena, C.N.: Social presence theory and implications for interaction and collaborative learning in computer conferences. Int. J. Educ. Telecommun. 1(2), 147–166 (1995)
Biocca, F.: The cyborg's dilemma: progressive embodiment in virtual environments. J. Comput.-Mediated Commun. 3(2), JCMC324 (1997)
Reeves, B., Nass, C.I.: The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media like Real People and Places. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996)
Gunawardena, C.N., Zittle, F.J.: Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer-mediated conferencing environment. Am. J. Distance Educ. 11(3), 8–26 (1997)
Perse, E.I., Burton, P., Kovner, E., Lears, M.E., Sen, R.J.: Predicting computer-mediated communication in a college class. Commun. Res. Rep. 9(2), 161–170 (1992)
Van Deursen, A.J., Helsper, E.J., Eynon, R.: Development and validation of the internet skills scale (ISS). Inf. Commun. Soc. 19(6), 804–823 (2016)
Kress, G.R.: Literacy in the New Media Age. Routledge, London (2003)
Kress, G.R., Van Leeuwen, T.: Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, 2nd edn. Routledge, Florence (2006)
Jolls, T.: Literacy for the 21st Century: An Overview & Orientation Guide to Media Literacy Education: Center for Media Literacy (2008)
Ohler, J.: Digital Storytelling in the Classroom. Learning, and Creativity. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, New Media Pathways to Literacy (2008)
Frazel, M.: Digital Storytelling Guide for Educators. International Society for Technology in Education, USA (2010)
Gilster, P.: Digital Literacy. John Wiley, New York (1997)
Gee, J.P.: What Video Games Have to Teach as About Learning and Literacy?, 1st edn. Palgrave Macmillan, New York (2003)
Lankshear, C., Knobel, M.: New Literacies: Changing Knowledge and Classroom Learning. Open University Press, Buckingham England (2003)
Ibrahim, N., Shariman, T.N.T., Woods, P.: The Concept of Digital Literacy from the Perspective of the Creative Multimedia Industry 2013 International Conference, pp. 259–264. IEEE (2013)
Koltay, T.: The media and the literacies: media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Med. Cult. Soc. 33(2), 211–221 (2011)
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. Framework for 21st Century Learning (2015), 12 October 2016. https://www.p21.org
Voogt, J., Roblin, N.P.: A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: implications for national curriculum policies. J. Curriculum Stud. 44(3), 299–321 (2012)
Eshet-Alkalai, Y.: Digital literacy: a conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. J. Educ. Multimed. Hypermed. 13(1), 93–106 (2004)
Goodfellow, R.: Literacy, literacies and the digital in higher education. Teach. High. Educ. 16(1), 131–144 (2011)
Bak, G.: Digitális kompetencia: új trend vagy szükséges tudás? In: Conference Proceedings of VI. Winter Conference of Economics Ph.D. Students and Researchers, pp. 6–13. Doktoranduszok Országos Szövetsége, Gödöllő (2020)
SCONUL Working Group on Information Literacy. The SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy (2011). https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/coremodel.pdf
Lankshear, C., Knobel, M.: Digital Literacies: Concepts. Policies and Practices. Peter Lang, New York (2008)
Greene, J.A., Yu, S.B., Copeland, D.Z.: Measuring critical components of digital literacy and their relationships with learning. Comput. Educ. 76, 55–69 (2014)
SIEMENS. African Digitalization Maturity Report (2017). https://www.siemens.co.za/pool/about_us/CG_17-015_African_Digitalization_Maturity_Report.pdf
Covello, S., Lei, J.: A Review of Digital Literacy Assessment Instruments. Syracuse University, pp. 1–31 (2010)
McKinsey and Company: Offline and Falling behind: Barriers to Internet Adoption, September 2014. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/offline-andfalling-behind-barriers-to-internet-adoption
Ridsdale, C., et al.: Strategies and Best Practices for Data Literacy Education: Knowledge (2015)
UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. Digital Literacy in Education. Policy Brief, May 2011 (2011). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002144/214485e.pdf
Gallardo-Echenique, E.E., de Oliveira, J.M., Marqués-Molias, L., Esteve-Mon, F., Wang, Y., Baker, R.: Digital competence in the knowledge society. MERLOT J. Online Learn. Teach. 11(1), 1–16 (2015)
Calvani, A., Cartelli, A., Fini, A., Ranieri, M.: Models and instruments for assessing digital competence at school. J. E-learn. Knowl. Soc. 4(3), 183–193 (2008)
Kang, M., Choi, H., Park, S.: Construction and validation of a social presence scale for measuring online learners' involvement. In: EdMedia+ Innovate Learning, pp. 1829–1833. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville (2007)
Allen, I.E., Seaman, J.: Online Report Card: Tracking Online Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group, Massachusetts (2016)
Horzum, M.B.: Interaction, structure, social presence, and satisfaction in online learning. Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. 11(3), 505–512 (2017)
Bloom, M.: E-learning in Canada: findings from 2003 e-survey: top line findings from a survey of the Conference Board of Canada’s customers on current e-learning practices: a special report. Conference Board of Canada, Ontario (2003)
de Bruyn, L.L.: Monitoring online communication: can the development of convergence and social presence indicate an interactive learning environment? Distance Educ. 25, 67–81 (2004)
Christopherson, K.M.: The positive and negative implications of anonymity in internet social interactions: “On the internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.” Comput. Hum. Behav. 23, 3038–3056 (2007)
Cobb, S.C.: Social presence and online learning: a current view from a research perspective. J. Interact. Online Learn. 8(3), 241–254 (2009)
Shin, N.: Transactional presence as a critical predictor of success in distance learning. Distance Educ. 24(1), 69–86 (2003)
Garrison, D.R., Anderson, T., Archer, W.: Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: computer conferencing in higher education. Internet High. Educ. 2(2/3), 87–105 (1999)
Richardson, J.C., Swan, K.: Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students’ perceived learning and satisfaction. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 7(1), 68–88 (2003)
Gunawardena, C., Lowe, C.A., Anderson, T.: Analysis of a global online debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conference. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 17(4), 397–431 (1997)
Poquet, O., Kovanović, V., de Vries, P., Hennis, T., Joksimović, S., Gašević, D., Dawson, S.: Social presence in massive open online courses. Int. Rev. Res. Open Distrib. Learn. 19(3), 43–68 (2018)
Sung, E., Mayer, R.E.: Five facets of social presence in online distance education. Comput. Hum. Behav. 28(5), 1738–1747 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kővári, E., Bak, G. (2021). University Students’ Online Social Presence and Digital Competencies in the COVID-19 Virus Situation. In: Agrati, L.S., et al. Bridges and Mediation in Higher Distance Education. HELMeTO 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1344. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67435-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67435-9_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67434-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67435-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)