Abstract
In recent years, supervised person re-identification (person ReID) has achieved great performance on public datasets, however, cross-domain person ReID remains a challenging task. The performance of ReID model trained on the labeled dataset (source) is often inferior on the new unlabeled dataset (target), due to large variation in color, resolution, scenes of different datasets. Therefore, unsupervised person ReID has gained a lot of attention due to its potential to solve the domain adaptation problem. Many methods focus on minimizing the distribution discrepancy in the feature domain but neglecting the differences among input distributions. This motivates us to handle the variation between input distributions of source and target datasets directly. We propose a Second-order Camera-aware Color Transformation (SCCT) that can operate on image level and align the second-order statistics of all the views of both source and target domain data with original ImageNet data statistics. This new input normalization method, as shown in our experiments, is much more efficient than simply using ImageNet statistics. We test our method on Market1501, DukeMTMC, and MSMT17 and achieve leading performance in unsupervised person ReID.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gheissari, N., Sebastian, T.B., Hartley, R.: Person reidentification using spatiotemporal appearance. In: CVPR (2006)
Chen, W., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Huang, K.: Beyond triplet loss: a deep quadruplet network for person re-identification. In: CVPR (2017)
Sun, Y., Zheng, L., Deng, W., Wang, S.: SVDNet for pedestrian retrieval. In: ICCV (2017)
Zhao, L., Li, X., Wang, J., Zhuang, Y.: Deeply-learned part-aligned representations for person re-identification. In: ICCV (2017)
Varior, R.R., Haloi, M., Wang, G.: Gated siamese convolutional neural network architecture for human re-identification. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9912, pp. 791–808. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46484-8_48
Varior, R.R., Shuai, B., Lu, J., Xu, D., Wang, G.: a siamese long short-term memory architecture for human re-identification. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9911, pp. 135–153. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46478-7_9
Geng, M., Wang, Y., Xiang, T., Tian, Y.: Deep transfer learning for person re-identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.05244 (2016)
Li, D., Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Huang, K.: Learning deep context-aware features over body and latent parts for person re-identification. In: CVPR (2017)
Zhao, H., et al.: Spindle Net: person re-identification with human body region guided feature decomposition and fusion. In: CVPR (2017)
Yi, D., Lei, Z., Li, S.Z.: Deep metric learning for practical person re-identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.4979 (2014)
Shi, H., et al.: Embedding deep metric for person re-identification: a study against large variations. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9905, pp. 732–748. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46448-0_44
Liao, S., Hu, Y., Zhu, X., Li, S.Z.: Person re-identification by local maximal occurrence representation and metric learning. In: CVPR (2015)
Jose, C., Fleuret, F.: Scalable metric learning via weighted approximate rank component analysis. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9909, pp. 875–890. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46454-1_53
Song, H.O., Xiang, Y., Jegelka, S., Savarese, S.: Deep metric learning via lifted structured feature embedding. In: CVPR (2016)
Liao, S., Li, S.Z.: Efficient PSD constrained asymmetric metric learning for person re-identification. In: ICCV (2015)
Zheng, Z., Zheng, L., Yang, Y.: Pedestrian alignment network for large-scale person re-identification. In: CVPR (2017)
Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zhao, L., Zhang, Z.: Semantics-aware deep correspondence structure learning for robust person re-identification. In: IJCAI (2016)
Wei, L., Zhang, S., Gao, W., Tian, Q.: Person transfer GAN to bridge domain gap for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 79–88 (2018)
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Luo, Z., Li, S., Yang, Y.: Invariance matters: exemplar memory for domain adaptive person re-identification. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Li, S., Yang, Y.: Generalizing a person retrieval model hetero- and homogeneously. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11217, pp. 176–192. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01261-8_11
Fu, Y., Wei, Y., Wang, G., Zhou, Y., Shi, H., Huang, T.S.: Self-similarity grouping: a simple unsupervised cross domain adaptation approach for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 6112–6121 (2019)
Goodfellow, I., et al.: Generative adversarial nets. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2672–2680 (2014)
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Zheng, Z., Li, S., Yang, Y.: Camera style adaptation for person re-identification. In: CVPR (2018)
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: CVPR (2009)
Zheng, L., Shen, L., Tian, L., Wang, S., Wang, J., Tian, Q.: Scalable person re-identification: a benchmark. In: CVPR (2015)
Zheng, Z., Zheng, L., Yang, Y.: Unlabeled samples generated by GAN improve the person re-identification baseline in vitro. In: CVPR (2017)
Chen, Y., Zhu, X., Gong, S.: Person re-identification by deep learning multi-scale representations. In: CVPR (2017)
Zhou, S., Wang, J., Shi, R., Hou, Q., Gong, Y., Zheng, N.: Large margin learning in set to set similarity comparison for person re-identification. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 20, 593–604 (2017)
Ahmed, E., Jones, M., Marks, T.K.: An improved deep learning architecture for person re-identification. In: CVPR (2015)
Li, W., Zhao, R., Xiao, T., Wang, X.: Deepreid: deep filter pairing neural network for person re-identification. In: CVPR (2014)
Wu, L., Shen, C., van der Hengel, A.: PersonNet: person re-identification with deep convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.07255 (2016)
Hermans, A., Beyer, L., Leibe, B.: In defense of the triplet loss for person re-identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.07737 (2017)
Cheng, D., Gong, Y., Zhou, S., Wang, J., Zheng, N.: Person re-identification by multi-channel parts-based CNN with improved triplet loss function. In: CVPR (2016)
Gretton, A., Borgwardt, K.M., Rasch, M.J., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.: A kernel two-sample test. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 13, 723–773 (2012)
Sun, B., Feng, J., Saenko, K.: Return of frustratingly easy domain adaptation. In: Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2016)
Ganin, Y., Lempitsky, V.: Unsupervised domain adaptation by backpropagation. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1180–1189 (2015)
Chen, C., et al.: HoMM: Higher-order moment matching for unsupervised domain adaptation, order 1, p. 20 (2020)
Sener, O., Song, H.O., Saxena, A., Savarese, S.: Learning transferrable representations for unsupervised domain adaptation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2110–2118 (2016)
Saito, K., Ushiku, Y., Harada, T.: Asymmetric tri-training for unsupervised domain adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning-Volume 70, pp. 2988–2997. JMLR.org (2017)
Zhu, J.Y., Park, T., Isola, P., Efros, A.A.: Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2223–2232 (2017)
Wang, J., Zhu, X., Gong, S., Li, W.: Transferable joint attribute-identity deep learning for unsupervised person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2275–2284 (2018)
Ye, M., Shen, J., Lin, G., Xiang, T., Shao, L., Hoi, S.C.: Deep learning for person re-identification: a survey and outlook. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.04193 (2020)
Wu, A., Zheng, W.S., Lai, J.H.: Unsupervised person re-identification by camera-aware similarity consistency learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 6922–6931 (2019)
Lan, X., Zhu, X., Gong, S.: Universal person re-identification (2019)
Song, L., et al.: Unsupervised domain adaptive re-identification: theory and practice. Pattern Recogn. 102, 107173 (2020)
Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C.: Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift (2015)
Fu, Y., et al.: Horizontal pyramid matching for person re-identification. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell. 33, 8295–8302 (2019)
Ester, M., Kriegel, H.P., Sander, J., Xu, X., et al.: A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. KDD 96, 226–231 (1996)
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Cao, D., Li, S.: Re-ranking person re-identification with k-reciprocal encoding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1318–1327 (2017)
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Kang, G., Li, S., Yang, Y.: Random erasing data augmentation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.04896 (2017)
Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)
Liao, S., Hu, Y., Zhu, X., Li, S.Z.: Person re-identification by local maximal occurrence representation and metric learning. In: CVPR (2015)
Peng, P., et al.: Unsupervised cross-dataset transfer learning for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1306–1315 (2016)
Fan, H., Zheng, L., Yan, C., Yang, Y.: Unsupervised person re-identification: clustering and fine-tuning. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. (TOMM) 14, 1–18 (2018)
Yu, H.X., Wu, A., Zheng, W.S.: Cross-view asymmetric metric learning for unsupervised person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 994–1002 (2017)
Deng, W., Zheng, L., Ye, Q., Kang, G., Yang, Y., Jiao, J.: Image-image domain adaptation with preserved self-similarity and domain-dissimilarity for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 994–1003 (2018)
Li, Y.J., Yang, F.E., Liu, Y.C., Yeh, Y.Y., Du, X., Frank Wang, Y.C.: Adaptation and re-identification network: An unsupervised deep transfer learning approach to person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 172–178 (2018)
Yu, H.X., Zheng, W.S., Wu, A., Guo, X., Gong, S., Lai, J.H.: Unsupervised person re-identification by soft multilabel learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2148–2157 (2019)
Li, Y.J., Lin, C.S., Lin, Y.B., Wang, Y.C.F.: Cross-dataset person re-identification via unsupervised pose disentanglement and adaptation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 7919–7929 (2019)
Zhang, X., Cao, J., Shen, C., You, M.: Self-training with progressive augmentation for unsupervised cross-domain person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 8222–8231 (2019)
Huang, Y., Wu, Q., Xu, J., Zhong, Y.: SBSGAN: suppression of inter-domain background shift for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 9527–9536 (2019)
Li, M., Zhu, X., Gong, S.: Unsupervised person re-identification by deep learning tracklet association. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11208, pp. 772–788. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01225-0_45
Li, M., Zhu, X., Gong, S.: Unsupervised tracklet person re-identification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 42, 1770–1782 (2019)
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by the China NSFC grant (no. 61672446).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Xiang, W., Yong, H., Huang, J., Hua, XS., Zhang, L. (2021). Second-Order Camera-Aware Color Transformation for Cross-Domain Person Re-identification. In: Ishikawa, H., Liu, CL., Pajdla, T., Shi, J. (eds) Computer Vision – ACCV 2020. ACCV 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12623. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69532-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69532-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69531-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69532-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)