Abstract
Overlap between the patches from which descriptors of adjacent pixels are extracted results in edge fattening. Edge fattening can be addressed by adjusting aggregation techniques such as binary aggregation, that are proved successful in intensity-based matching, for use with descriptors. However, binary aggregation through applying masks risks descriptiveness. Therefore, an intensity-based metric such as AD (Absolute Difference) is proposed to supplement the masked binary descriptor such as BRIEF (Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features). The proposed matching cost function adaptively weights the contribution of each metric according to the patch’s content. The proposed hybrid metric reduces the error by up to 2.86% without adding computational complexity by re-using values that are already computed. The latest version of Middlebury stereo dataset and evaluation SDK (Software Development Kit) are used to evaluate the results .
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alahi, A., Ortiz, R., Vandergheynst, P.: FREAK: fast retina keypoint. In: 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Providence, RI, pp. 510–517. IEEE, June 2012
Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: Speeded-up robust features (SURF). Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 110(3), 346–359 (2008)
Calonder, M., Lepetit, V., Strecha, C., Fua, P.: BRIEF: binary robust independent elementary features. In: Daniilidis, K., Maragos, P., Paragios, N. (eds.) Computer Vision - ECCV 2010, pp. 778–792. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2010)
Liu, C., Yuen, J., Torralba, A.: SIFT flow: dense correspondence across scenes and its applications. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(5), 978–994 (2011)
Chatoux, H., Lecellier, F., Fernandez-Maloigne, C.: Comparative study of descriptors with dense key points, pp. 1988–1993. IEEE (2016)
Kayım, G.: Evaluation of 2D local image descriptors and feature encoding methods for depth image based object class recognition. Master’s thesis, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey (2014)
Hammam, A., Alshazly, M.H., Abdelmgeid, A., Ali, G.W.: An Experimental evaluation of binary feature descriptors. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 2017, vol. 639, pp. 181–191, Cham, Springer International Publishing (2018)
Heikkilä, M., Pietikäinen, M., Schmid, C.: Description of interest regions with local binary patterns. Pattern Recog. 42(3), 425–436 (2009)
Heinly, J., Dunn, E., Frahm, J.M.: Comparative evaluation of binary features. In: Computer Vision–ECCV 2012, pp. 759–773 Springer (2012)
Ibrahim, H.I., Khaled, H., Seada, N.A., Faheem, H.: Parallel dense binary stereo matching using CUDA. In: 2020 15th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES). IEEE (in-press)
Kai, H., Xiaowen, W., Yunfeng, G.: Adaptive support-weight stereo matching algorithm based on sift descriptors. J. Tianjin Univ. (Sci. Technol.), 15, p. 9 (2016)
Zhang, K., Li, J., Li, Y., Hu, W., Sun, L., Yang, S.: Binary stereo matching. In: 2012 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 356–359. IEEE (2012)
Yoon, K.J., Kweon, I.S.: Adaptive support-weight approach for correspondence search. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(4), 650–656 (2006)
Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., Siegwart, R.Y.: BRISK: binary robust invariant scalable keypoints. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 2548–2555. IEEE (2011)
Levi, G., Hassner, T.: LATCH: learned arrangements of three patch codes. In: 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1–9. IEEE (2016)
Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 60(2), 91–101 (2004)
Mikolajczyk, K., Tuytelaars, T., Schmid, C., Zisserman, A., Matas, J., Schaffalitzky, F., Kadir, T., Gool, L.V.: A comparison of affine region detectors. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 65(1–2), 43–72 (2005)
Mikolajczyk, K., Schmid, C.: A performance evaluation of local descriptors. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(10), 1615–1630 (2005)
Min, D., Lu, J., Do, M.N.: A revisit to cost aggregation in stereo matching: how far can we reduce its computational redundancy? In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 1567–1574. IEEE (2011)
Ojala, T., Pietikäinen, M., Mäenpää, T.: A generalized local binary pattern operator for multiresolution gray scale and rotation invariant texture classification. In: International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition, pp. 399–408. Springer (2001)
Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., Maenpaa, T.: Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(7), 971–987 (2002)
Peng, X., Bouzerdoum, A., Phung, S.L.: Efficient cost aggregation for feature-vector-based wide-baseline stereo matching. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 2018(1) (2018)
Rookiepig: rookiepig/binarystereo
Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., Bradski, G.: ORB: an efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF, pp. 2564–2571. IEEE (2011)
Kim, S., Kang, S.-J.: Young Hwan Kim: Real-time stereo matching using extended binary weighted aggregation. Digit. Sig. Process. 53, 51–61 (2016)
Scharstein, D., Hirschmüller, H., Kitajima, Y., Krathwohl, G., Nešić, N., Wang, X., Westling, P.: High-resolution stereo datasets with subpixel-accurate ground truth. In: German Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 31–42. Springer (2014)
Sizintsev, M., Kuthirummal, S., Samarasekera, S., Kumar, R., Sawhney, H.S., Chaudhry, A.: GPU accelerated realtime stereo for augmented reality (2010)
Strecha, C., Bronstein, A., Bronstein, M., Fua, P.: LDAHash: improved matching with smaller descriptors. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(1), 66–78 (2012)
Tola, E., Lepetit, V., Fua, P.: DAISY: an efficient dense descriptor applied to wide-baseline stereo. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(5), 815–830 (2010)
Vinay, A., Kumar, C.A., Shenoy, G.R., Murthy, K.N.B., Natarajan, S.: ORB-PCA based feature extraction technique for face recognition. Procedia Comput. Sci. 58, 614–621 (2015)
Mei, X., Sun, X., Zhou, M., Jiao, S., Wang, H., Zhang, X.: On building an accurate stereo matching system on graphics hardware. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), pp. 467–474. IEEE (2011)
Xiao, X., Tian, Z., Xu, C., Li, Z., Wang, X.: Fast stereo matching using adaptive window based disparity refinement. J. Multi. Theory Appl. 2368, 5956 (2016)
Ke, Y., Sukthankar, R.: PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004, Washington, DC, USA, vol. 2, pp. 506–513. IEEE (2004)
Yang, Y., Duan, F., Ma, L., Jiang, J.: A robust method for constructing rotational invariant descriptors. Sig. Process. Image Commun. 60, 224–236 (2018)
Yao, Q., Xu, X.: Freak descriptor with spatial pyramid kernel for scene categorization. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering, Shenyang, China, Atlantis Press (2015)
Kim, Y.-H., Koo, J., Lee, S.: Adaptive descriptor-based robust stereo matching under radiometric changes. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 78, 41–47 (2016)
Zabih, R., Woodfill, J.: Non-parametric local transforms for computing visual correspondence. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 151–158. Springer (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ibrahim, H.I.F., Khaled, H., Seada, N.A., Faheem, H.M. (2021). Combining BRIEF and AD for Edge-Preserved Dense Stereo Matching. In: Hassanien, AE., Chang, KC., Mincong, T. (eds) Advanced Machine Learning Technologies and Applications. AMLTA 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1339. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69717-4_104
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69717-4_104
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69716-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69717-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)