Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Chinese Young Children’s Video-Gaming Questionnaire

Abstract

The study aimed to validate the self-designed Chinese Young Children’s Video-gaming Questionnaire (CVQ). The original CVQ consisted of 34 items. Eight hundred and nineteen (819) young children aged 3 to 6 years old from different parts of China were enrolled in this research. An exploratory factor analysis was undertaken on a random sample of half of the completed surveys, with eight items dropped afterwards. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the other half of the original sample using structural equation modeling. Examination of the fit indices indicated that the model came close to fitting the data, with goodness-of-fit coefficients just below recommended levels. A second model was analyzed using the same four factors with 25 items and the results suggested that Model 2 fit the data well. These results led to a refined, shortened version of the CVQ. Future research is needed to see if this model would fit other samples in China and other countries.

Appendices

Appendix

The Chinese Young Children Video-game Questionnaire (CVQ)

The following statements are about your children’s daily video game playing behaviors. Please make a judgement about whether the description is consistent with your children’s behavior. You can indicate your response choices on your answer sheet.

• 1. Very inconsistent.

• 2. Comparative inconsistence.

• 3. Between consistence and inconsistence.

• 4. Comparative consistent.

• 5. Very consistent.

Order	Does your child show the following behavior? (Please mark an “√” next to the corresponding number that meets the description)
1	Children often play video games
2	Children are very interested in video games
3	Children spend more and more time playing video games
4	Children ask to download or buy video games
5	Children want to play video games when they see others playing games
6	Children want to play video games when they are bored or depressed
7	Children want to play video games when they see electronic products
8	Children want to play video games when they are in high spirits
9	Children need company while playing video games
10	Children like to play video games with their parents
11	Children like to play video games with their young friends
12	Children who have difficulties in playing video games will seek help
13	When children play video games, they need someone to control (time, content, etc.)
14	When children play video games well, they will be happy
15	When children play video games badly, they will be upset
16	Children need to be reminded to finish the video game
17	When you stop your child playing video games, he/she will obey immediately
18	When you stop your child playing video games, it’s hard for him/her to turn his/her attention to other tasks
19	When your child tries to reduce or stop playing video games, or can’t play video games, his/her mood gets worse
20	Children hide their time playing video games from family, friends or others
21	Children play video games to forget their own problems or to relieve anxiety (such as guilt, anxiety, helplessness, depression, etc.)
22	Children want to reduce the amount of time they spend playing video games, but they can’t
23	Children want to spend more time playing video games, or to play games with better equipment, or to play more exciting games
24	When children don’t play video games, they also spend a lot of time thinking about video games or planning their next time playing video games
25	Children may give up other activities or lose interest in previous hobbies because of playing video games
26	Children will spend less time outdoors because of playing video games