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P2P-O: A Purchase-To-Pay Ontology for Enabling Semantic Invoices

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The Semantic Web (ESWC 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12731))

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Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises increasingly adopt electronic invoices and digitized purchase-to-pay processes. A purchase-to-pay process begins with making a purchase order and ends with completing the payment process. Even when organizations adopt electronic invoices, knowledge work in such processes is characterized by assimilating information distributed over heterogeneous sources among different stages in the process. By integrating such information and enabling a shared understanding of stakeholders in such processes, ontologies and knowledge graphs can serve as an appropriate infrastructure for enabling knowledge services. However, no suitable ontology is available for current electronic invoices and digitized purchase-to-pay processes. Therefore, this paper presents P2P-O, a dedicated purchase-to-pay ontology developed in cooperation with industry domain experts. P2P-O enables organizations to create semantic invoices, which are invoices following linked data principles. The European Standard EN 16931-1:2017 for electronic invoices was the main non-ontological resource for developing P2P-O. The evaluation approach is threefold: (1) to follow ontology engineering best practices, we applied OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!) and OntoDebug; (2) to evaluate competency questions, we constructed a purchase-to-pay knowledge graph with RML technologies and executed corresponding SPARQL queries; (3) to illustrate a P2P-O-based knowledge service and use case, we implemented an invoicing dashboard within a corporate memory system and thus enabled an entity-centric view on invoice data. Organizations can immediately start experimenting with P2P-O by generating semantic invoices with provided RML mappings.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.lod-cloud.net/.

  2. 2.

    https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0712:FIN:en:PDF.

  3. 3.

    https://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/.

  4. 4.

    https://www.traffiqx.net/en/about-us.

  5. 5.

    https://comem.ai.

  6. 6.

    https://www.traffiqx.net/en/about-us.

  7. 7.

    https://www.iso.org/standard/66370.html.

  8. 8.

    https://github.com/carml/carml.

  9. 9.

    https://www.ontotext.com/products/graphdb/.

  10. 10.

    https://comem.ai.

  11. 11.

    https://github.com/eprocurementontology/eprocurementontology.

  12. 12.

    http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Ontology:Aggregated_Invoice_Ontology.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Investitions- und Strukturbank Rheinland-Pfalz (ISB) (project InnoProm) and the BMBF project SensAI (grantno. 01IW20007).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Michael Schulze, Markus Schröder, Christian Jilek & Andreas Dengel

  2. Smart Data and Knowledge Services Department, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Michael Schulze, Markus Schröder, Christian Jilek, Heiko Maus & Andreas Dengel

  3. Development Department, b4value.net GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Michael Schulze & Torsten Albers

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  1. Michael Schulze
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  2. Markus Schröder
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Correspondence to Michael Schulze .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Ruben Verborgh

  2. Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

    Katja Hose

  3. University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

    Heiko Paulheim

  4. ERCIM, Sophia Antipolis, France

    Pierre-Antoine Champin

  5. University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

    Maria Maleshkova

  6. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, Spain

    Oscar Corcho

  7. eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA

    Petar Ristoski

  8. FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Mehwish Alam

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Schulze, M., Schröder, M., Jilek, C., Albers, T., Maus, H., Dengel, A. (2021). P2P-O: A Purchase-To-Pay Ontology for Enabling Semantic Invoices. In: Verborgh, R., et al. The Semantic Web. ESWC 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12731. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77385-4_39

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77385-4_39

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