Abstract
Artificial intelligence offers great opportunities for the future, including for teaching and learning. Applications such as personalized recommendations and learning paths based on learning analytics [i.e. 1], the integration of serious games in intelligent tutoring systems [2], intelligent agents in the form of chatbots [3], and other emerging applications promise great benefits for individualized digital learning. However, what value do these applications really add and how can these benefits be measured?
With this article, we would like to give a brief overview of AI-supported functionalities for learning management system as well as their possible benefits for future learning environments. Furthermore, we outline methods for a comprehensive evaluation that meets the users’ needs and concretizes the actual benefit of an AI-supported LMS.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Krauss, C., Salzmann, A., Merceron, A.: Branched learning paths for the recommendation of personalized sequences of course items. In: Schiffner, D. (ed.) Proceedings of DeLFI Workshops 2018 co-located with 16th e-Learning Conference of the German Computer Society (DeLFI 2018) (2018)
Beyyoudh, M., Idrissi, M.K., Bennani, S.: A new approach of integrating serious games in intelligent tutoring systems. In: Serrhini, M., Silva, C., Aljahdali, S. (eds.) EMENA-ISTL 2019. LAIS, vol. 7, pp. 85–91. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36778-7_10
Nenkov, N., Dimitrov, G., Dyachenko, Y., et al.: Artificial intelligence technologies for personnel learning management systems. In: 2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS), pp. 189–195. IEEE (2016)
Yu, S., Niemi, H., Mason, J. (eds.): Shaping Future Schools with Digital Technology. PRRE, Springer, Singapore (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9439-3
Schulmeister, R.: Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen: Evaluation und Didaktik (2003)
Fardinpour, A., Pedram, M.M., Burkle, M.: Intelligent learning management systems. Int. J. Distance Educ. Technol. 12, 19–31 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2014100102
Mavrikis, M., Holmes, W.: Intelligent learning environments: design, usage and analytics for future schools. In: Yu, S., Niemi, H., Mason, J. (eds.) Shaping Future Schools with Digital Technology. PRRE, pp. 57–73. Springer, Singapore (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9439-3_4
Köhnen, B.: Learning Experience Plattformen (2019). https://www.haufe-akademie.de/digitales-lernen/magazin/learning-experience-plattformen?chorid=04330006&em_src=kw&em_cmp=google%2Fdl%2Fhlx%2F82119%2F04330006&wnr=04330006&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI0umYtLbk7gIVSuDtCh3KfgsTEAAYASABEgLVS_D_BwE. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Kuo, B.-C., Hu, X.: Intelligent learning environments. Educ. Psychol. 39, 1195–1198 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1669334
HR Technologist: Emerging Trends for AI in Learning Management Systems (2019). https://www.hrtechnologist.com/articles/learning-development/emerging-trends-for-ai-in-the-learning-management-system/. Accessed 12 Feb 2019
Softengi AI-powered LMS (Learning Management System). https://softengi.com/blog/ai-blog/ai-powered-lms-learning-management-system/. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Verbert, K., Drachsler, H., Manouselis, N., et al.: Dataset-driven research for improving recommender systems for learning. In: Long, P., Siemens, G., Conole, G., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge - LAK 2011, pp. 44–53. ACM Press, New York (2011)
Krauss, C.: Time-dependent recommender systems for the prediction of appropriate learning objects. Technische Universität Berlin (2018)
BigData MadeSimple: Is artificial intelligence (AI) the next step of smart learning? (2019). https://bigdata-madesimple.com/is-artificial-intelligence-ai-the-next-step-of-smart-learning/. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
zeomag: How will AI and Machine Learning revolutionize e-learning? (2018). https://www.zeolearn.com/magazine/how-will-ai-and-machine-learning-revolutionize-e-learning. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
docebo: Enterprise E-Learning Trends 2020 A New Era of Learning (2019). https://uhlberg-advisory.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Docebo-Enterprise-E-Learning-Trends-2020.pdf. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
GYRUS: What are the must-haves in an AI-based LMS (2020). https://www.gyrus.com/What-are-the-must-haves-in-an-AI-based-LMS. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Kondo, N., Okubo, M., Hatanaka, T.: Early detection of at-risk students using machine learning based on LMS log data. In: 2017 6th IIAI International Congress Juli 2017, pp. 198–201 (2017)
eLearning Industry: eLearning Trends To Watch Out For In 2021 (2020). https://elearningindustry.com/elearning-technology-and-content-trends-2021. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
forma LMS: E-learning Trends 2021 (2021). https://www.formalms.org/articles/22-elearning-trends-technology/229-e-learning-trends-2021.html. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
eThink: Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: The Future of the L&D Landscape (2020). https://ethinkeducation.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-workplace-future-ld-landscape/. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
ideal: AI For Recruiting: A Definitive Guide For HR Professionals (2017). https://ideal.com/ai-recruiter-skillset/. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
tituslearning: 5 ways artificial intelligence can be used in eLearning (2020). https://www.tituslearning.com/artificial-intelligence-elearning. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Sanders, J.R.: The Program Evaluation Standards: How to Assess Evaluations of Educational Programs, 2 edn. SAGE, Thousand Oaks (1998). 6 [printing]
Fitzpatrick, J.L., Sanders, J.R., Worthen, B.R.: Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines, 4th edn. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, Montreal (2011)
Manouselis, N., Drachsler, H., Vuorikari, R., Hummel, H., Koper, R.: Recommender systems in technology enhanced learning. In: Ricci, F., Rokach, L., Shapira, B., Kantor, P.B. (eds.) Recommender Systems Handbook, pp. 387–415. Springer, Boston, MA (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85820-3_12
Stockmann, R.: Was ist eine gute Evaluation? Einführung zu Funktionen und Methoden von Evaluationsverfahren: (CEval-Arbeitspapier, 9). Universität des Saarlandes, Fak. 05 Empirische, Saarbrücken (2004)
Böttcher, W., Caspari, A., Hense, J., et al.: Standards für Evaluation, Erste Revision 2016, Mainz (2017)
Brahm, T., Jenert, T.: Technologieeinsatz von der Bedarfsanalyse bis zur Evaluation. In: Ebner, M., Schön, S. (eds.) Lehrbuch für Lernen und Lehren mit Technologien: [L3T], [Stand:] Mai 2011, pp. 127–134. Books on Demand, Norderstedt (2011)
Wang, F., Hannafin, M.J.: Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. ETR&D 53, 5–23 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504682
Krauss, C., Merceron, A., Arbanowski, S.: The timeliness deviation: a novel approach to evaluate educational recommender systems for closed-courses. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK19), pp. 195–204. ACM, New York (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3303772.3303774
Hernández-Orallo, J.: Evaluation in artificial intelligence: from task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement. Artif. Intell. Rev. 48(3), 397–447 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-016-9505-7
Anastas, J.W.: Quality in qualitative evaluation: issues and possible answers. Res. Soc. Work Pract. 14, 57–65 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503257870
Aspers, P., Corte, U.: What is qualitative in qualitative research. Qual. Sociol. 42(2), 139–160 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7
Patton, M.Q.: Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice, 4th edn. SAGE, Los Angeles (2015)
Patton, M.Q.: Qualitative Evaluation Checklist (2003)
Şahin, M., Yurdugül, H.: Learners’ needs in online learning environments and third generation learning management systems (LMS 3.0). Tech. Know. Learn. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09479-x
Ali, L., Hatala, M., Gašević, D., et al.: A qualitative evaluation of evolution of a learning analytics tool. Comput. Educ. 58, 470–489 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.030
Drachsler, H., Bogers, T., Vuorikari, R., et al.: Issues and considerations regarding sharable data sets for recommender systems in technology enhanced learning. Procedia Comput. Sci. 1, 2849–2858 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.08.010
Erdt, M., Fernandez, A., Rensing, C.: Evaluating recommender systems for technology enhanced learning: a quantitative survey. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 8, 326–344 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2015.2438867
Said, A., Bellogín, A.: Comparative recommender system evaluation. In: Kobsa, A., Zhou, M., Ester, M., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender systems - RecSys 2014, pp. 129–136. ACM Press, New York (2014)
Weibelzahl, S.: Evaluation of adaptive systems. In: Bauer, M., Gmytrasiewicz, P.J., Vassileva, J. (eds.) UM 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2109, pp. 292–294. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44566-8_49
Campos, P.G., Díez, F., Cantador, I.: Time-aware recommender systems: a comprehensive survey and analysis of existing evaluation protocols. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 24(1–2), 67–119 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-012-9136-x
Herlocker, J.L., Konstan, J.A., Terveen, L.G., et al.: Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22, 5–53 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/963770.963772
Eraslan Yalcin, M., Kutlu, B.: Examination of students’ acceptance of and intention to use learning management systems using extended TAM. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 50, 2414–2432 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12798
Sahid, D.S.S., Santosa, P.I., Ferdiana, R., et al.: Evaluation and measurement of Learning Management System based on user experience. In: Seminar, I.A.E. (ed.) Proceedings of the 2016 6th International Annual Engineering Seminar, Eastparc Hotel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1–3 August 2016. IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (2016)
Takashi Nakamura, W., Harada Teixeira de Oliveira, E., Conte, T.: Usability and user experience evaluation of learning management systems - a systematic mapping study. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, pp. 97–108 (2017)
ISO: ISO 9241-11:2018 (2021). https://www.iso.org/standard/63500.html. Accessed 11 Feb 2021
Santoso, H.B., Schrepp, M., Utomo, A.Y., et al.: Measuring user experience of the student-centered e-learning environment. J. Educ. Online 13, 58–79 (2016)
Laugwitz, B., Held, T., Schrepp, M.: Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. In: Holzinger, A. (ed.) USAB 2008. LNCS, vol. 5298, pp. 63–76. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89350-9_6
Hart, S.G., Staveland, L.E.: Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research. In: Hancock, P.A., Meshkati, N. (eds.) Human Mental Workload, vol. 52. North-Holland; Sole distributors for the U.S.A. and Canada, pp. 139–183. Elsevier Science Pub. Co, Amsterdam, New York (1988)
Bruder, A., Schwarz, J.: Evaluation of diagnostic rules for real-time assessment of mental workload within a dynamic adaptation framework. In: Sottilare, R.A., Schwarz, J. (eds.) HCII 2019. LNCS, vol. 11597, pp. 391–404. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22341-0_31
Schwarz, J., Fuchs, S.: Multidimensional real-time assessment of user state and performance to trigger dynamic system adaptation. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds.) AC 2017. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10284, pp. 383–398. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58628-1_30
Schwarz, J.C.: Multifaktorielle Echtzeitdiagnose des Nutzerzustands in adaptiver Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion: Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) (2019)
Witte, T., Haase, H., Schwarz, J.: Measuring cognitive load for adaptive instructional systems by using a pressure sensitive computer mouse. In: Sottilare, R., Schwarz, J. (eds.) Adaptive Instructional Systems (2021)
Krauss, C., Merceron, A., An, T.-S., Zwicklbauer, M., Steglich, S., Arbanowski, S.: Teaching advanced web technologies with a mobile learning companion application. In: Proceedings of The 16th ACM World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning (mLearn 2017), Larnaca, Cyprus, 30 October–1 November 2017. ACM (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3136907.3136937
European Union ESCO format. https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal/home. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
MS Global LOM. http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/index.html. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
IMS Global QTI. http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.html. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
IMS Global CALIPER. http://www.imsglobal.org/activity/caliper. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
ADL xAPI. https://xapi.com/. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Krauss, C., Hauswirth, M.: Interoperable education infrastructures: a middleware that brings together adaptive, social and virtual learning technologies. In: The European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ed) ERCIM NEWS: Special Theme: Educational Technology, pp. 9–10 (2020). ISSN 0926-4981. https://ercim-news.ercim.eu/images/stories/EN120/EN120-web.pdf. Accessed 12 Feb 2021
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rerhaye, L., Altun, D., Krauss, C., Müller, C. (2021). Evaluation Methods for an AI-Supported Learning Management System: Quantifying and Qualifying Added Values for Teaching and Learning. In: Sottilare, R.A., Schwarz, J. (eds) Adaptive Instructional Systems. Design and Evaluation. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12792. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77857-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77857-6_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77856-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77857-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)