Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Smart City Concept Based on Cyber-Physical Social Systems with Hierarchical Ethical Agents Approach

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Media, Learning and Assistive Environments (HCII 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12769))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

A smart city is considered a sustainable city that manages needed resources and makes autonomous decisions to improve the quality of life of its citizens. On the other hand, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have been implemented as isolated systems inside the city. For instance, the traffic lights, autonomous navigation for cars, and so on. Instead, consider a smart city with an integrated CPS for independent blocks that can be interconnected in a central unit. However, when a CPS makes decisions about the integration of ethical concepts based on human perception, social space must be added, and so a CPS must be transformed into a Cyber-Physical Social System (CPSS). Furthermore, a new type of social interaction between all the elements in a CPSS within a smart city presents human behavioral challenges such as virtual-morality. This paper first proposes an Artificial Moral Agent with machine learning algorithms to regulate the interaction within the CPSS, adding itself to all the subsystems’ communication. Additionally, a moral agent structure is proposed with a morality filter as its fundamental component.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cocchia, A.: Smart and digital city: a systematic literature review. In: Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C. (eds.) Smart City. PI, pp. 13–43. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06160-3_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C.: Smart city and value creation. In: Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C. (eds.) Smart City. PI, pp. 1–12. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06160-3_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Satoh, K., Takahashi, T., Yamada, T., Yoshikawa, A., Terano, T.: Evacuation Behaviors in an Emergency Station by Agent-Based Approach, pp. 236–241 (2009). http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/evacuation-behaviors-in-an-emergency-station-by-agent-based-approach

  5. Taboada, M., Cabrera, E., Iglesias, M.L., Epelde, F., Luque, E.: An Agent-based decision support system for hospitals emergency departments. Procedia Comput. Sci. 4, 1870–1879 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Vigueras, G., Orduña, J.M., Lozano, M., Jégou, Y.: A scalable multiagent system architecture for interactive applications. Sci. Comput. Program. 78(6), 715–724 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2011.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Klügl, F., Bazzan, A.L.C.: Route decision behaviour in a commuting scenario: simple heuristics adaptation and effect of traffic forecast. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 7(1), 1 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Eitel-Porter, R.: Beyond the promise: implementing ethical AI. AI Ethics 1(1), 73–80 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00011-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahmed, S.H., Kim, G., Kim, D.: Cyber physical system: architecture, applications and research challenges. In: 2013 IFIP Wireless Days (WD), pp. 1–5. Valencia, Spain (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/wd.2013.6686528

  10. Awoyera, O.O., Sacko, O., Darboe, O., Cynthia, O.C.: Anfis-based intelligent traffic control system (ITCS) for developing cities. J. Traffic Logistics Eng. 7(1) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, F.Y.: The emergence of intelligent enterprises: from CPS to CPSS. IEEE Intell. Syst. 25(4), 85–88 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chourabi, H., et al.: Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework. In: 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2289–2297 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615

  13. Ponce, P., Meier, A., Miranda, J., Molina, A., Peffer, T.: The next generation of social products based on sensing, smart and sustainable (S3) features: a smart thermostat as case study. In: 9th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control, p. 6 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ponce, P., Meier, A., Mendez, J., Peffer, T., Molina, A., Mata, O.: Tailored gamification and serious game framework based on fuzzy logic for saving energy in smart thermostats. J. Clean. Prod. 21167 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121167

  15. Mendez, J.I., et al.: Empower saving energy into smart homes using a gamification structure by social products. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), pp. 1–7. Las Vegas, NV, USA (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/icce46568.2020.9043174

  16. Zeng, J., Yang, L.T., Lin, M., Ning, H., Ma, J.: A survey: cyber-physical-social systems and their system-level design methodology. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 105, 1028–1042 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.06.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mata, O., Ponce, P., Méndez, I., Molina, A., Meier, A., Peffer, T.: A model using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic for knowing the consumer on smart thermostats as a S3product. In: Martínez-Villaseñor, L., Batyrshin, I., Marín-Hernández, A. (eds.) MICAI 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11835, pp. 430–439. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33749-0_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Méndez, J.I., Mata, O., Ponce, P., Meier, A., Peffer, T., Molina, A.: Multi-sensor system, gamification, and artificial intelligence for benefit elderly people. In: Ponce, H., Martínez-Villaseñor, L., Brieva, J., Moya-Albor, E. (eds.) Challenges and Trends in Multimodal Fall Detection for Healthcare. SSDC, vol. 273, pp. 207–235. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38748-8_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Méndez, J.I., Ponce, P., Meier, A., Peffer, T., Mata, O., Molina, A.: Framework for promoting social interaction and physical activity in elderly people using gamification and fuzzy logic strategy. In: 2019 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), pp. 1–5. Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip45357.2019.8969110

  20. Ponce, P., Peffer, T., Molina, A., Barcena, S.: Social creation networks for designing low income interfaces in programmable thermostats. Technol. Soc. 62, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J., Jawhar, I.: Service-oriented big data analytics for improving buildings energy management in smart cities. In: 2018 14th International Wireless Communications Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 1243–1248 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2018.8450469

  22. Bonnemains, V., Saurel, C., Tessier, C.: Embedded ethics: some technical and ethical challenges. Ethics Inf. Technol. 20(1), 41–58 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9444-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Krisher, T.: Can Self-Driving Cars Withstand First Fatality? U.S. News & World Report. 20 March 2018https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2018-03-20/arizona-death-brings-calls-for-more-autonomous-vehicle-rules. Accessed on 20 Feb 2021

  24. Akkaya, K., Guvenc, I., Aygun, R., Pala, N., Kadri, A.: IoT-based occupancy monitoring techniques for energy-efficient smart buildings. In: 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), pp. 58–63 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNCW.2015.7122529

  25. Kim, J.S.: Making smart cities work in the face of conflicts: lessons from practitioners of South Korea’s U-City projects. Town Plan. Rev. 86(5), 561–585 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Bogomolov, A., Lepri, B., Staiano, J., Oliver, N., Pianesi, F., Pentland, A.: Once upon a crime: towards crime prediction from demographics and mobile data. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 427–434 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2663254

  27. Misselhorn, C.: Artificial morality. Concepts, issues and challenges. Society 55(2), 161–169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-018-0229-y

  28. Brożek, B., Janik, B.: Can artificial intelligences be moral agents? New Ideas Psychol. 54, 101–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bauer, W.A.: Virtuous vs. utilitarian artificial moral agents. AI Soc. 35(1), 263–271 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-018-0871-3

  30. Clarke, R.: Asimov’s laws of robotics: implications for information technology-part I. Computer 26(12), 53–61 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1109/2.247652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Trencher, G.: Towards the smart city 2.0: empirical evidence of using smartness as a tool for tackling social challenges. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 142, 117–128 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jiang, L., et al.: Wearable long-term social sensing for mental wellbeing. IEEE Sens. J. 19(19), 8532–8542 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2877427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Umetsu, Y., Nakamura, Y., Arakawa, Y., Fujimoto, M., Suwa, H.: EHAAS: energy harvesters as a sensor for place recognition on wearables. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), pp. 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2019.8767385

  34. Jeyakumar, J.V., Lai, L., Suda, N., Srivastava, M.: SenseHAR: a robust virtual activity sensor for smartphones and wearables. In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp. 15–28 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3356250.3360032

  35. Allen, C., Smit, I., Wallach, W.: Artificial morality: top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid approaches. Ethics Inf. Technol. 7(3), 149–155 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-0004-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Coeckelbergh, M.: AI Ethics. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2020)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  37. Wallach, W., Allen, C., Smit, I.: Machine morality: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties. AI Soc. 22(4), 565–582 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0099-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tolan, S., Miron, M., Gómez, E., Castillo, C.: Why machine learning may lead to unfairness: evidence from risk assessment for juvenile justice in catalonia. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pp. 83–92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326705

  39. Floridi, L., Sanders, J.W.: On the morality of artificial agents. Minds Mach. 14(3), 349–379 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MIND.0000035461.63578.9d

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kok, J.N., Boers, E.J., Kosters, W.A., Van der Putten, P., Poel, M.: Artificial intelligence: definition, trends, techniques, and cases. Artif. Intell. 1, 270–299 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Dignum, V.: Ethics in artificial intelligence: introduction to the special issue. Ethics Inf. Technol. 20(1), 1–3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9450-z

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  42. Glasco, J.: Smart Education for Smart Cities: Visual, Collaborative & Interactive (2019). https://hub.beesmart.city/en/solutions/smart-people/smart-education/viewsonic-smart-education-for-smart-cities. Accessed on 28 Nov 2020

  43. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI. Oxford University Press (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mata, O., Mendez, I., Aguilar, M., Ponce, P., Molina, A.: A Methodology to motivate students to develop transversal competencies in academic courses based on the theory of planned behavior by using gamification and ANNs. In: 2019 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E), pp. 174–177. Goa, India (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/t4e.2019.00041

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research project is supported by Tecnologico de Monterrey and CITRIS under the collaboration ITESM-CITRIS Smart thermostat, deep learning, and gamification project (https://citris-uc.org/2019-itesm-seed-funding/), and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1828010.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, 14380, Mexico

    Omar Mata, Pedro Ponce, Juana Isabel Méndez & Arturo Molina

  2. Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA

    Troy McDaniel

  3. University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Therese Peffer

Authors
  1. Omar Mata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pedro Ponce
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Troy McDaniel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juana Isabel Méndez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Therese Peffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arturo Molina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Omar Mata .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Margherita Antona

  2. University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Constantine Stephanidis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Mata, O., Ponce, P., McDaniel, T., Méndez, J.I., Peffer, T., Molina, A. (2021). Smart City Concept Based on Cyber-Physical Social Systems with Hierarchical Ethical Agents Approach. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Media, Learning and Assistive Environments. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12769. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78094-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78095-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation