Abstract
The designer is the core dominating force of a design activity. In industrial society, production conditions with machining as the core have made the design activity a small part of production and established a design - manufacture mechanism in which the designer can play a role only in some links. This paper tries to build a model about distributed self-organizing design institutions in the information era, displaying how designers complete their work in this more flexible system: not only design work but also other work required by project operation, which should have been assumed by other departments or employees in a traditional enterprise organizational structure. In the new design organization, designers are no longer a role being employed and managed. Instead, they can work more freely, actively and creatively.
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Notes
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These two concepts appear in China and Western countries at the same time. Feng Liu has successively published articles about the new form of online work named Witkey such as Search Engine's Dilemma and Countermeasureson and The Application of Knowledge Management in the Internet——Witkey Mode in China in his personal blog since 2005. Jeff Howe coined the word ‘Crowdsourcing' in a 2006 article for Wired magazine to describe the way in which the Internet has broken down traditional employer/employee relationships to create vibrant new enterprises that are 'staffed' by informal, often large gatherings of enthusiasts. In some ways, Witkey shares same connotation with Crowdsoucing. That is, enterprises use the Internet to distribute work, find ideas or solve technical problems, while users can freely decide whether to pay time and labor costs to obtain value.
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Acknowledgements
This paper is the phased research result of Research on Collaboration Innovation Modes of Design Organizations in the funding project for cultivation of excellent talents of Beijing Municipality in 2018.
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Li, W., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Yu, D. (2021). Changes of Designers’ Roles Based on Self-organizing Design Institutions. In: Soares, M.M., Rosenzweig, E., Marcus, A. (eds) Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research and Design. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12779. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78221-4_6
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