Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

VR/AR Output Devices

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)

Abstract

This chapter discusses output devices and technologies for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). The goal of using output devices is to enable the user to dive into the virtual world or to perceive the augmented world. Devices for visual output play a crucial role here, they are of central importance for the use of VR and AR. First and foremost, Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) must be mentioned, the different types of which are discussed in detail here. However, VR also uses different forms of stationary displays, which are another major topic of this chapter. Finally, output devices for other senses are reviewed, namely acoustic and haptic outputs.

Dedicated website for additional material: vr-ar-book.org

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bajestani SA, Pourreza H, Nalbandian S (2019) Scalable and view-independent calibration of multi-projector display for arbitrary uneven surfaces. Machine Vision and Applications, 7–8, Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertino E, Ferrari E (1998) Temporal synchronization models for multimedia data. TKDE 10(4):612–631

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandenburg K (2006) Digital entertainment: Media technologies for the future. In Second International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS ‘06), 4–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Cakmakci O, Rolland J (2006) Head-worn displays: a review. J Disp Technol 2(3):199–216. https://doi.org/10.1109/jdt.2006.879846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Neira C, Sandin DJ, DeFanti TA, Kenyon RV, Hart JC (1992) The cave: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment. Commun ACM 35(6):64–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herold R, Weidenmüller F, Penzel M, Ebert M (2015) Data-glasses for improved user interaction in 3D. In: Proceedings of SID 2015 International Symposium, pp. 189–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger W, Fröhlich B (1994) The responsive workbench. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 14(3):12–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang B (2018) The key technology behind Varjo’s high-res ‘Bionic Display’ headset. https://www.roadtovr.com/graphic-illustrates-key-technology-behind-varjos-high-res-bionic-display/. Accessed 28 Mar 2021

  • Melzer J, Moffitt K (1997) Head-mounted displays: designing for the users. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Okatani T, Deguchi K (2009) Easy calibration of a multi-projector display system. Int J Comput Vis 85:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0242-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury K, Conti F, Barbagli F (2004) Haptic rendering: introductory concepts. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb, pp 24–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Vorländer M (2008) Auralization – fundamentals of acoustics, simulation, algorithms and acoustic virtual reality. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye G, State A, Fuchs H (2010) A practical multi-viewer tabletop autostereoscopic display. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) 2010. Seoul, South Korea, October 13–16

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Automation / Department of Economic Science and Media, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany

    Wolfgang Broll

Authors
  1. Wolfgang Broll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paul Grimm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rigo Herold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dirk Reiners
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Carolina Cruz-Neira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wolfgang Broll .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Design, Computer Science, Media, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Ralf Doerner

  2. Department of Computer Science and Automation / Department for Economic Science and Media, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany

    Wolfgang Broll

  3. Department of Media, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany

    Paul Grimm

  4. Institute for Informatics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany

    Bernhard Jung

Recommended Reading

Recommended Reading

  • Bajestani SA, Pourreza H, Nalbandian S (2019) Scalable and view-independent calibration of multi-projector display for arbitrary uneven surfaces. Machine Vision and Applications, 7–8, Springer.

  • Burdea GC, Coiffet P (2003) Virtual reality technology, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.

  • Okatani, T., Deguchi, K. (2009) Easy calibration of a multi-projector display system. International Journal of Computer Vision, 85, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0242-0

  • Sherman W, Craig A (2019) Understanding virtual reality, second edn. Morgan Kaufmann.

  • Vorländer M (2008) Auralization – fundamentals of acoustics, simulation, algorithms and acoustic virtual reality. Springer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Broll, W., Grimm, P., Herold, R., Reiners, D., Cruz-Neira, C. (2022). VR/AR Output Devices. In: Doerner, R., Broll, W., Grimm, P., Jung, B. (eds) Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79062-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79062-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-79061-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-79062-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation