Skip to main content

Work Together or Fight Together: Modeling Adaptive Cooperative and Competitive Metaphors as Mental Models for Joint Decision Making

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mental Models and Their Dynamics, Adaptation, and Control

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 394))

  • 438 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, joint decision making processes are studied and the role of cognitive metaphors as mental models in them. A second-order self-modeling network model is introduced based on mechanisms known from cognitive and social neuroscience and cognitive metaphor and mental model literature. The cognitive metaphors were modeled as specific forms of mental models providing a form of modulation within the joint decision making process. The model addresses not only the use of these mental models in the decision making, but also their Hebbian learning and the control over the learning. The obtained self-modeling network model was applied to two types of metaphors that affect joint decision making in different manners: a cooperative metaphor and a competitive metaphor. By a number of scenarios it was shown how the obtained self-modeling network model can be used to simulate and analyze joint decision processes and how they are influenced by such cognitive metaphors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Raheem, A.: Mental model theory as a model for analysing visual and multimodal discourse. J. Pragmat. 155, 303–320 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, W.C., Bear, M.F.: Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 19(4), 126–130 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Azr, H.N.: How to think like an emergency care provider: a conceptual mental model for decision making in emergency care. Int. J. Emerg. Med. 13(17), 1–9 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aron, A.R.: The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control. Neuroscientist 13(3), 214–228 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargh, J.A., Gollwitzer, P.M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., Trötschel, R.: The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 81(6), 1014–1027 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargh, J.A., Morsella, E.: The unconscious mind. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 3(1), 73–79 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsalou, L.W.: Grounded cognition. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 59(1), 617–645 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore, S.-J., Wolpert, D., Frith, C.: Why can’t you tickle yourself? NeuroReport 11(11), R11–R16 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brass, M., Spengler, S.: The inhibition of imitative behaviour and attribution of mental states. In: Striano, T., Reid, V. (eds.) Social Cognition: Development, Neuroscience, and Autism, pp. 52–66. Wiley-Blackwell (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardillo, E.R., Watson, C.E., Schmidt, G.L., Kranjec, A., Chatterjee, A.: From novel to familiar: tuning the brain for metaphors. Neuroimage 59(4), 3212–3221 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, J.M., Thomas, J.C.: Metaphor and the cognitive representation of computing systems. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 12(2), 107–116 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, N., Barkai, E.: A non-synaptic mechanism of complex learning: modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 154, 30–36 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Craik, K.J.W.: The Nature of Explanation. University Press, Cambridge, MA (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A.R.: Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Penguin, London (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A.R.: The feeling of what happens: body and emotion in the making of consciousness. Harvest (ed.) Harcourt, San Diego, CA (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Debanne, D., Inglebert, Y., Russier, M.: Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 54, 73–82 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, D.E. (ed.): Metaphors in the History of Psychology. Cambridge University Press (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Demiral, ÅžB., Gambi, C., Nieuwland, M.S., Pickering, M.J.: Neural correlates of verbal joint action: ERPs reveal common perception and action systems in a shared-Stroop task. Brain Res. 1649(Pt A), 79–89 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeVignemont, F., Singer, T.: The empathic brain: how, when and why? Trends Cogn. Sci. 10, 437–443 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duell, R., Treur, J: A computational analysis of joint decision making processes. In: Aberer, K., Flache, A., Jager, W., Liu, L., Tang, J., Guéret, C. (eds.) Social Informatics, vol. 7710, pp. 292–308. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrer. C., Frith, C.D.: Experiencing oneself vs another person as being the cause of an action: the neural correlates of the experience of agency. NeuroImage 15(3), 596–603 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fourneret, P., de Vignemont, F., Franck, N., Slachevsky, A., Dubois, B., Jeannerod, M.: Perception of self-generated action in schizophrenia. Cognit. Neuropsychiatry 7(2), 139–156 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, I., Mukamel, R., Kreiman, G.: Internally generated preactivation of single neurons in human medial frontal cortex predicts volition. Neuron 69(3), 548–562 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Furlough, C.S., Gillan, D.J.: Mental models: structural differences and the role of experience. J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Making 12(4), 269–287 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343418773236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V.: Mirror neurons, embodied simulation, and the neural basis of social identification. Psychoanal. Dialogues 19(5), 519–536 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V., Goldman, A.I.: Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2(12), 493–501 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Rizzolatti, G.: Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 119(2), 593–609 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D.: Structure-mapping: a theoretical framework for analogy. Cogn. Sci. 7(2), 155–170 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., Markman, A.B.: Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. Am. Psychol. 52(1), 45–56 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., Stevens, A.L. (eds.) Mental Models. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., Gentner, D.R.: Flowing waters and teeming crowds: mental models of electricity. In: Gentner, D., Stevens, A.L. (eds.) Mental Models, pp. 99–129. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, A.I.: Simulating Minds: The Philosophy, Psychology, and Neuroscience of Mindreading. Oxford University Press, Oxford; New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggard, P.: Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9(12), 934–946 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon-Jones, E., Winkielman, P. (eds.): Social Neuroscience: Integrating Biological and Psychological Explanations of Social Behavior, p. 2007. New York, Guilford Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasson, U., Ghazanfar, A.A., Galantucci, B., Garrod, S., Keysers, C.: Brain-to-brain coupling: a mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16(2), 114–121 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hebb, D.O.: The Organisation of Behavior. Wiley (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, F., Herrera-Viedma, E., Verdegay, J.L.: A rational consensus model in group decision making using linguistic assessments. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 88(1), 31–49 (1997)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hesslow, G.: Conscious thought as simulation of behaviour and perception. Trends Cogn. Sci. 6(6), 242–247 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M.: Mirroring people: the new science of how we connect with others, 1st edn. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J.C., Rizzolatti, G.: Grasping the intentions of others with one’s own mirror neuron system. PLoS Biol. 3(3), e79 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M.: Mesial frontal cortex and super mirror neurons. Behav. Brain Sci. 31(1) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W.: What is an emotion? Mind Os-IX 34, 188–205 (1884)

    Google Scholar 

  • Decety, J., Cacioppo, J.T. (eds.): The Handbook of Social Neuroscience. Oxford University Press (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeannerod, M., Farrer, C., Franck, N., Fourneret, P., Posada, A., Daprati, E., Georgieff, N.: Action recognition in normal and schizophrenic subjects. In: Kircher, T., David, A. (eds.) The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry, pp. 380–406. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J.T., Berntson, G.G. (eds.): Social Neuroscience. Psychology Press (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato, K., Yoshizaki, K., Kimura, Y.: Priority for one’s own stimulus in joint performance: evidence from an event-related potential study. NeuroReport 27, 564–567 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keysers, C., Gazzola, V.: Social neuroscience: mirror neurons recorded in humans. Curr. Biol. 20(8), R353–R354 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuang, W.X.Y.: The systematicity and Coherence of Conceptual Metaphor. Foreign Lang. Res. 3 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G., Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live by. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G.: The contemporary theory of metaphor. In: Ortony, A. (ed.) Metaphor, and Thought, pp. 202–251. Cambridge University Press (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Landau, M.J., Meier, B.P., Keefer, L.A.: A metaphor-enriched social cognition. Psychol. Bull. 136(6), 1045–1067 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.W., Schwarz, N.: Metaphor in judgment and decision making. Metaphorical thought in social life. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liepelt, R., Klempova, B., Dolk, T., Colzato, L.S., Ragert, P., Nitsche, M., Hommel, B.: The medial frontal cortex mediates self-other discrimination in the Joint Simon task: a tDCS study. J. Psychophysiol. 30, 87–101 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ments, L., Treur, J.: Reflections on dynamics, adaptation and control: a cognitive architecture for mental models. Cogn. Syst. Res. 70, 1–9 (2021b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ments, L., Thilakarathne, D.J., Treur, J.: Modelling the role of cognitive metaphors in joint decision making. In: Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT’15, pp. 67–75 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J., Haggard, P.: Awareness of action: inference and prediction. Conscious. Cogn. 17(1), 136–144 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukamel, R., Ekstrom, A.D., Kaplan, J., Iacoboni, M., Fried, I.: Single-neuron responses in humans during execution and observation of actions. Curr. Biol. 20(8), 750–756 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmunen, L.M., Lainema, T., Pelto, E.: Towards a manager’s mental model: conceptual change through business simulation. Int. J. Manage. Edu. 19(2), e100460 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pineda, J.A. (ed.): Mirror Neuron Systems: The Role of Mirroring Processes in Social Cognition. Humana, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponterotto, D.: The cohesive role of cognitive metaphor in discourse and conversation. In: Barcelona, A. (ed.) Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective, pp. 283–298. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, Boston (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Refaie, E.E.: Understanding visual metaphor: the example of newspaper cartoons. Vis. Commun. 2(1), 75–95 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzolatti, G., Sinigaglia, C.: Mirrors in the brain: how our minds share actions and emotions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L.: Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cogn. Brain Res. 3(2), 131–141 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B.L., Harper, N.S., McAlpine, D.: Meta-adaptation in the auditory midbrain under cortical influence. Nat. Commun. 7, 13442 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, E., Soria, B.: Cognitive metaphor theory revisited. J. Lit. Semant. 34(1), 1–20 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruissen, M.I., De Bruijn, E.R.: Is it me or is it you? Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of oxytocin administration on self-other integration during joint task performance. Cortex 70, 146–154 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe, L., Blanke, O.: Cognitive neuroscience of ownership and agency. Conscious. Cogn. 16(3), 661–666 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shatz, C.J.: The developing brain. Sci. Am. 267, 60–67 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenzel, A., Liepelt, R.: Joint action changes valence-based action coding in an implicit attitude task. Psychol. Res. 80, 889–903 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-015-0684-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: Network-Oriented Modeling: Addressing Complexity of Cognitive, Affective and Social Interactions. Springer Publishers (2016)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: Network-Oriented Modeling for Adaptive Networks: Designing Higher-Order Adaptive Biological, Mental and Social Network Models. Springer Nature Publishers (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: Modeling higher-order adaptivity of a network by multilevel network reification. Netw. Sci. 8(S1), S110–S144 (2020)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: Modelling joint decision making processes involving emotion-related valuing and empathic understanding. In: Kinny, D., Hsu, J.Y., Governatori, G., Ghose, A.K. (eds.) Persons in Principle, Persons in Practice 7047, pp. 410–423. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: From mirroring to the emergence of shared understanding and collective power. In: Nguyen, N.T., Hoang, K. (eds.) Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications 6922, pp. 1–16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, JÄ™drzejowicz, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: A cognitive agent model displaying and regulating different social response patterns. In: Walsh, T. (ed.) Proc. of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI’11. AAAI Press, 2011, pp. 1743–1749 (2011c). Extended version in: Cogn. Comput. J. 6, 182–199 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Treur, J.: A computational agent model incorporating prior and retrospective ownership states for actions. Biol. Inspired Cogn. Archit. 2, 54–67 (2012). Shorter version in: Walsh, T. (ed.) Proc. of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI’11, pp. 1743–1749, AAAI Press (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ments, L., Treur, J.: Modeling adaptive cooperative and competitive metaphors as mental models for joint decision making. Cogn. Syst. Res. 69, 67–82 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vosniadou, S., Ortony, A. (eds.): Similarity and Analogical Reasoning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L.E., Huang, J.Y., Bargh, J.A.: The scaffolded mind: higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 39(7), 1257–1267 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.: The Mind as a Predictive Modelling Engine: Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, UK (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, D.M.: Computational approaches to motor control. Trends Cogn. Sci. 1(6), 209–216 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Treur .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

van Ments, L., Treur, J. (2022). Work Together or Fight Together: Modeling Adaptive Cooperative and Competitive Metaphors as Mental Models for Joint Decision Making. In: Treur, J., Van Ments, L. (eds) Mental Models and Their Dynamics, Adaptation, and Control. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 394. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85821-6_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics