Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Towards a Better Understanding of Vulnerability in Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021 (ICCSA 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 12958))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The road is a transport infrastructure intended for the movement of users, such as vehicles and pedestrians. These interact with each other following rules that guarantee safety and security. Unfortunately, however, traffic safety does not depend solely on compliance with the rules but is affected by a series of factors, such as inattention by users or malfunctioning due to a particular environmental condition, etc. Although the accident data in Italy show a reduction in the mortality of motorists, thanks to the new on-board technologies, an increase in the number of victims among pedestrians is observed. To increase the safety of vulnerable users, several projects have been developed in order to define the correlation between the severity of the accident, the response of the vehicle and the stresses that can be tolerated without serious risks to the occupant’s life. However, this requires detailed accident and user injury data. Often without this information, it is not possible to predict the accident situations of a site and the related consequences. The aim of this study is to enrich the existing vulnerability functions by correlating the objective kinematic parameters (acceleration, speed, etc.) with user injuries through multi-body simulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ebner, A., Samaha, R.R., Scullion, P., Helmer, T.: Methodology for the development and evaluation of active safety systems using reference scenarios: application to preventive pedestrian safety. In: Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI), pp. 155–168 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ebner, A., Samaha, R.R., Scullion, P., Helmer, T.: Identifying and analyzing reference scenarios for the development and evaluation of preventive pedestrian safety systems (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  3. GIDAS. German In-Depth Accident Study (2010). http://www.gidas.org/files/GIDAS_eng.pdf

  4. UMTRI. 1994–1998 NASS pedestrian crash data study (PCDS) codebook. s.l.: UMTRI Transportation Data Center., Version 03 Mar01 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bahman, S.R., Charles, N.M., Robert, K.: An evaluation of the association between vehicle type and the source and severity of pedestrian injuries. Traffic Inj. Prev. 6, 185–192 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kong, C.Y., Yang, J.K.: Logistic regression analysis of pedestrian casualty risk in passenger vehicle collisions in China. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42, 987–993 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Naif, A.S., Salaheddine, B., Saad, A.G.: In-depth analysis of pedestrian crashes in Riyadh. Traffic Inj. Prev. 10, 552–559 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Olukoga, I.A.: Pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in a South African municipality. Traffic Inj. Prev. 4, 355–357 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Otte, D., Krettek, C., Brunner, H., Zwipp, H.: Scientific approach and methodology of a new in-depth-investigation study in Germany so called GIDAS. Paper presented at: ESV Conference, Nagoya, Japan (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Helmer, T., Ebner, A., Huber, W.: Präventiver Fußgängerschutz - Anforderungen und Bewertung. Aechen:18. Aechener Kolloquium Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yang, J.K.: Injury biomechanics in car-pedestrian collisions: development, validation and application of human-body mathematical models. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Injury Prevention, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Han, Y., Peng, Y., Peng, Q., Huang, H., Mizuno, K.: A study on kinematic behavior and head injury rick in vehicle to pedestrian collisions. In: Fifth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Hong Kong, China (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chen, H., Poulard, D., Crandall, J.R., Panzer, M.B.: Pedestrian response with different initial positions during impact with a mid-sized sedan. Paper presented at: 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Yang, J.K., Lovsund, P.: Development and validation of a human body mathematical model for simulation of car pedestrian collisions. In: Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference, pp. 133–149 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Carollo, F., Virzì Mariotti, G., Naso, V., Golfo, S.: Head, chest and femur injury in teenage pedestrian – SUV crash; mass influence on the speeds. J. Automobile Eng. Part D 233(4), 790–809 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Virzi, G., Golfo, S.: Determination and analysis of the head and chest parameters by simulation of a vehicle-teenager impact. J. Automobile Eng. Part D 228(1), 3–20 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013501487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. AAAM (Association for Advancement of Automotive Medicine). The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2005 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  18. States, J.D., Huelke, D.F.: The abbreviated injury scale. 1980 revision. American Association for Automotive Medicine (AAAM) (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bellavia, G., Virzì Mariotti, G.: Multibody numerical simulation for vehicle - pedestrian crash test. In: Motor Vehicle Engineering ATA. XXI Science and Motor Vehicles 2007, JUMV International Conference with Exhibition, vol. 62, 11/12, pp. 40–49 (2009). ISSN: 0001–2661

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bellavia, G., Virzì Mariotti, G.: Development of an anthropomorphic model for vehicle - pedestrian crash test. In: Automotive Engineering. XXI Science and Motor Vehicles 2007, JUMV International Conference with Exhibition, Belgrade, Serbia, s.n., vol. 62, pp. 48–56, 3/4 (2009). ISBN 978-86-80941-31-8

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shojaati, M.: Correlation between injury risk and impact severity index ASI. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Swiss Transport Research Conference, pp. 19–21 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Restrepo-Álvarez, C.A., et al.: Trauma severity scores. Revista Co-lombiana de Anestesiología Colombian J. Anesthesiol. 44(4), 317–323 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. States, J.D., Huelke, D.F.: The abbreviated injury scale. 1980 revision. s.l.: Des Plaines: American Association for Automotive Medicine (AAAM) (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  24. States, J.D.: Abbreviated and the comprehensive research injury scales. In: Proceedings of Thirteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference, 2–4 December 1969 (1969). Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, 13, pp. 282–294

    Google Scholar 

  25. Baker, S.P., O’Neil, B.: The injury severity score: an update. J. Trauma. 16, 882–885 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mizuno, Y.: Summary of IHRA pedestrian safety WG activities - proposed test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passenger cars. In: The 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Yang, J.: Review of injury biomechanics in car-pedestrian collisions. Int. J. Vehicle Saf. 1(1/2/3), 100–117 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Martin, J.L., Lardy, A., et al.: Pedestrian injury patterns according to car and casualty characteristics in France. Ann. Adv. Automot. Med. 55, 137–46 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Myers, B., et al.: Improved assessment of lumbar vertebral body strength using spine lateral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J. Bone Min Res. 9(5), 687–693 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Belwadi, A., Yang, K.: Response of the cadaveric lumbar spine to flexion with and without anterior shear displacement. In: Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference, pp. 397–410 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Report: Issue 9. Vol. Part 2 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Helmer, T.: Development of a methodology for the evaluation of active safety using the example of preventive pedestrian protection (2015). Doctoral Thesis accepted by Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12889-4

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering DICEM, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy

    Mauro D’Apuzzo, Daniela Santilli, Azzurra Evangelisti & Luca Di Cosmo

  2. Department of Enterprise Engineering “Mario Lucertini”, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy

    Vittorio Nicolosi

Authors
  1. Mauro D’Apuzzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniela Santilli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Azzurra Evangelisti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Luca Di Cosmo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vittorio Nicolosi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Santilli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Osvaldo Gervasi

  2. University of Basilicata, Potenza, Potenza, Italy

    Beniamino Murgante

  3. Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

    Sanjay Misra

  4. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Chiara Garau

  5. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Ivan Blečić

  6. Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    David Taniar

  7. Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Bernady O. Apduhan

  8. University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Ana Maria A. C. Rocha

  9. Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Eufemia Tarantino

  10. Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Carmelo Maria Torre

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

D’Apuzzo, M., Santilli, D., Evangelisti, A., Di Cosmo, L., Nicolosi, V. (2021). Towards a Better Understanding of Vulnerability in Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021. ICCSA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12958. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87016-4_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87016-4_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87015-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87016-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation