Abstract
Deep learning has been extensively used in unsupervised deformable image registration. U-Net structures are often used to infer deformation fields from concatenated input images, and training is achieved by minimizing losses derived from image similarity and field regularization terms. However, the mechanism of multiresolution encoding and decoding with skip connections tends to mix up the spatial relationship between corresponding voxels or features. This paper proposes a multiresolution registration network (MRN) based on simple convolution layers at each resolution level and forms a framework mimicking the ideas of well-accepted traditional image registration algorithms, wherein deformations are solved at the lowest resolution and further refined level-by-level. Multiresolution image features can be directly fed into the network, and wavelet decomposition is employed to maintain rich features at low resolution. In addition, prior knowledge of deformations at the lowest resolution is modeled by kernel-PCA when the template image is fixed, and such a prior loss is employed for training at that level to better tolerate shape variability. The proposed algorithm can be directly used for group analysis or image labeling and potentially applied for registering any image pairs. We compared the performance of MRN with different settings, i.e., w/wo wavelet features, w/wo kernel-PCA losses, using brain magnetic resonance (MR) images, and the results showed better performance for the multiresolution representation and prior knowledge learning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balakrishnan, G., Zhao, A., Sabuncu, M.R., Guttag, J., Dalca, A.V.: VoxelMorph: a learning framework for deformable medical image registration. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 38, 1788–1800 (2019)
Qin, C., Shi, B., Liao, R., Mansi, T., Rueckert, D., Kamen, A.: Unsupervised deformable registration for multi-modal images via disentangled representations. In: Chung, A.C.S., Gee, J.C., Yushkevich, P.A., Bao, S. (eds.) IPMI 2019. LNCS, vol. 11492, pp. 249–261. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20351-1_19
Zhao, S., et al.: Unsupervised 3D end-to-end medical image registration with volume tweening network. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 24, 1394–1404 (2019)
Zhao, S., Dong, Y., Chang, E.I., Xu, Y.: Recursive cascaded networks for unsupervised medical image registration. In: International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019, pp. 10600–10610. IEEE (2019)
de Vos, B.D., Berendsen, F.F., Viergever, M.A., Sokooti, H., Staring, M., Išgum, I.: A deep learning framework for unsupervised affine and deformable image registration. Med. Image Anal. 52, 128–143 (2019)
Ilg, E., Mayer, N., Saikia, T., Keuper, M., Dosovitskiy, A., Brox, T.: Flownet 2.0: evolution of optical flow estimation with deep networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017, pp. 2462–2470. IEEE (2017)
Li, X., et al.: Semantic flow for fast and accurate scene parsing. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12346, pp. 775–793. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58452-8_45
Xue, Z., Shen, D., Davatzikos, C.: Statistical representation of high-dimensional deformation fields with application to statistically constrained 3D warping. Med. Image Anal. 10, 740–751 (2006)
Rosipal, R., Girolami, M., Trejo, L.J., Cichocki, A.: Applications: kernel PCA for feature extraction and de-noising in nonlinear regression. Neural Comput. Appl. 10, 231–243 (2001)
Avants, B.B., Epstein, C.L., Grossman, M., Gee, J.C.: Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain. Med. Image Anal. 12, 26–41 (2008)
Mueller, S.G., et al.: Ways toward an early diagnosis in Alzheimer’s disease: the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). Alzheimer’s Dement. 1, 55–66 (2005)
Smith, S.M.: Fast robust automated brain extraction. Hum. Brain Mapp. 17, 143–155 (2002)
Gu, D., et al.: Pair-wise and group-wise deformation consistency in deep registration network. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 171–180. Springer, Cham (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59716-0_17
Acknowledgement
This work was partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0116400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62071176).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gu, D., Cao, X., Liu, G., Shen, D., Xue, Z. (2021). Multiresolution Registration Network (MRN) Hierarchy with Prior Knowledge Learning. In: Lian, C., Cao, X., Rekik, I., Xu, X., Yan, P. (eds) Machine Learning in Medical Imaging. MLMI 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12966. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87589-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87589-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87588-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87589-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)