Skip to main content

Determining the Relationship Between the Letters in the Voynich Manuscript Splitting the Text into Parts

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Soft Computing (MICAI 2021)

Abstract

The Voynich Manuscript is an illustrated manuscript code that has not yet been defined the structure of the writing and the relationship to other languages. This study investigated the effectiveness of examining point detail versus examining the full picture all at once in a single study. In the approach of this study, one of these ways, some letter patterns based on frequency and word length were identified, including connections at different combinations of consonant and vowel letters by a statistical approach for a hidden Markov model. A narrowly directed systematic direction can help lead to the unraveling of the manuscript text in progressive steps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Acedo, L.: A hidden Markov model for the linguistic analysis of the Voynich manuscript. Math. Comput. Appl. 24, 14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/mca24010014

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Cave, R., Lee, N.: Hidden Markov models for English. In: Ferguson, J.D. (ed.) Hidden Markov Models for Speech. IDA-CRD, October 1980

    Google Scholar 

  3. D’Imperio, M.: An application of cluster analysis and multiple scaling to the question of “hands’’ and “languages’’ in the Voynich manuscript. Nat. Secur. Agency Tech. J. 23, 59–75 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Levitov, L.: Solution of the Voynich Manuscript : A Liturgical Manual for the Endura Rite of The Cathari Heresi. The Cult of Isis. Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Perone, C.: Voynich Manuscript: word vectors and t-SNE visualization of some patterns (2016). https://blog.christianperone.com/2016/01/voynich-manuscript-word-vectors-and-t-sne-visualization-of-some-patterns/

  6. Reddy, S., Knight, K.: What we know about the Voynich manuscript. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACL-HLT Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities, pp. 78–86. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Stolfi, J.: Voynich Manuscript stuff (2005). https://www.ic.unicamp.br/stolfi/voynich/

  8. Voynich, W.: A Preliminary Sketch of the History of the Roger Bacon Cipher Manuscript, pp. 415–430. Transactions of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Printed by T. Dobson (1921). http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2546054R

  9. Zandbergen, R.: Voynich MS - history of research of the MS (2019). http://www.voynich.nu/solvers.html

Download references

Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant num. AP09260670 “Development of methods and algorithms for augmentation of input data for modifying vector embeddings of words”)

The work was done with partial support from the Mexican Government through the grant A1-S-47854 of the CONACYT, Mexico and grants 20211784, 20211884, and 20211178 of the Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico. The authors thank the CONACYT for the computing resources brought to them through the Plataforma de Aprendizaje Profundo para Tecnologías del Lenguaje of the Laboratorio de Supercómputo of the INAOE, Mexico.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iskander Akhmetov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sapargali, E., Akhmetov, I., Pak, A., Gelbukh, A. (2021). Determining the Relationship Between the Letters in the Voynich Manuscript Splitting the Text into Parts. In: Batyrshin, I., Gelbukh, A., Sidorov, G. (eds) Advances in Soft Computing. MICAI 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13068. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89820-5_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89820-5_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89819-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89820-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics