Skip to main content

Early Prediction of Student Engagement-Related Events from Facial and Contextual Features

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Social Robotics (ICSR 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 13086))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2643 Accesses

Abstract

Intelligent tutoring systems have great potential in personalizing the educational experience by processing some key features from the user and educational task to optimize learning, engagement, or other performance measures. This paper presents an approach that uses a combination of facial features from the user of an educational app and contextual features about the progress of the task to predict key events related to user engagement. Our approach trains Gaussian Mixture Models from automatically processed screen-capture videos and propagates the probability of events over the course of an activity. Results show the advantage of including contextual features in addition to facial features when predicting these engagement-related events, which can be used to intervene appropriately during an educational activity.

Supported in part by NSF Grant #IIS-1939047.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://learning.xprize.org/.

  2. 2.

    We tried varying \(\lambda \) over time, but that did not improve results.

References

  1. Agarwal, M., Mostow, J.: Semi-supervised learning to perceive children’s affective states in a tablet tutor. In: Tenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence(EAAI). New York, NY (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amos, B., Ludwiczuk, B., Satyanarayanan, M.: Openface: a general-purpose face recognition library with mobile applications. CMU School Comput. Sc. 6 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bogina, V., Kuflik, T., Mokryn, O.: Learning item temporal dynamics for predicting buying sessions. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brown, L., Kerwin, R., Howard, A.M.: Applying behavioral strategies for student engagement using a robotic educational agent. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Burgoon, J.K., Buller, D.B., Hale, J.L., de Turck, M.A.: Relational messages associated with nonverbal behaviors. Human Commun. Res. 10(3), 351–378 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial action coding systems. Consulting Psychologists Press (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fard, M.J., Wang, P., Chawla, S., Reddy, C.K.: A bayesian perspective on early stage event prediction in longitudinal data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 28(12), 3126–3139 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fawaz, H.I., Forestier, G., Weber, J., Idoumghar, L., Muller, P.A.: Deep learning for time series classification: a review. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 33(4), 917–963 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hernández, Y., Noguez, J., Sucar, E., Arroyo-Figueroa, G.: A probabilistic model of affective behavior for intelligent tutoring systems. In: Gelbukh, A., de Albornoz, Á., Terashima-Marín, H. (eds.) MICAI 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3789, pp. 1175–1184. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11579427_119

  10. Johns, J., Woolf, B.: A dynamic mixture model to detect student motivation and proficiency. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 21. Menlo Park, CA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Leite, I., Pereira, A., Castellano, G., Mascarenhas, S., Martinho, C., Paiva, A.: Modelling empathy in social robotic companions. In: Ardissono, L., Kuflik, T. (eds.) UMAP 2011. LNCS, vol. 7138, pp. 135–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28509-7_14

  12. Levinkov, E., Fritz, M.: Sequential bayesian model update under structured scene prior for semantic road scenes labeling. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. McReynolds, A.A., Naderzad, S.P., Goswami, M., Mostow, J.: Toward Learning at Scale in Developing Countries: Lessons from the Global Learning XPRIZE Field Study. In: Learning @ Scale. ACM (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mori, U., Mendiburu, A., Keogh, E., Lozano, J.A.: Reliable early classification of time series based on discriminating the classes over time. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 31(1), 233–263 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-016-0462-1

  15. Perez, Y.H., Gamboa, R.M., Ibarra, O.M.: Modeling affective responses in intelligent tutoring systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2004 Proceedings. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sanghvi, J., Castellano, G., Leite, I., Pereira, A., McOwan, P.W., Paiva, A.: Automatic analysis of affective postures and body motion to detect engagement with a game companion. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Saxena, M., Pillai, R.K., Mostow, J.: Relating children’s automatically detected facial expressions to their behavior in robotutor. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Spaulding, S., Gordon, G., Breazeal, C.: Affect-aware student models for robot tutors. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Woolfolk, A.E., Brooks, D.M.: Chapter 5: nonverbal communication in teaching. Review of research in education 10(1), 103–149 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Xing, Z., Pei, J., Philip, S.Y.: Early classification on time series. Knowl. Inf. Syst. 31(1), 105–127 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roshni Kaushik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kaushik, R., Simmons, R. (2021). Early Prediction of Student Engagement-Related Events from Facial and Contextual Features. In: Li, H., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13086. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-90524-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90525-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics