Abstract
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has gained worldwide attention, relying on their superior data representation, as a solution for describing complex digital assets. However, the scale of NFT content data is so huge that we have to use P2P storage network to store it. Due to the lack of management capabilities of global resource allocation, retrieving content in existing P2P storage network relies heavily on distributed collaboration and cannot support low-latency off-line retrieval. Besides if an accident occurs on the blockchain or storage network that is different from the expectation, such as fork, the data state on-chain and off-chain would may be inconsistent. Therefore, we propose the concept of State for P2P storage network to represent the resource allocation of data and assist in the off-line retrieval of resources. We propose a state-aware model based on the permissioned blockchain and P2P storage network, which core is a data structure called StateSnap. The model supports the verification of the consistency of the on-chain and off-chain data and support State rollback and switching. Through experiments, we show that our model reduces the data retrieval time by about 78\(\%\) compared to the traditional IPFS and performs well in terms of scalability, robustness, and State switch efficiency.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wang, Q., Li, R., Wang, Q., Chen, S.: Non-fungible token (NFT): overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07447 (2021)
Benet, J.: IPFS-content addressed, versioned, P2P file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561 (2014)
Storj: A decentralized cloud storage network framework. Whitepaper. https://github.com/storj/whitepaper. Accessed 4 Sept 2021
Vorick, D., Champine, L.: Sia: Simple decentralized storage. Nebulous Inc (2014)
Dabek, F., Li, J., Sit, E., Robertson, J., Kaashoek, M.F., Morris, R.T.: Designing a DHT for low latency and high throughput. In: NSDI, vol. 4, pp. 85–98 (2004)
Schoenmakers, B.: A simple publicly verifiable secret sharing scheme and its application to electronic voting. In: Wiener, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 1999. LNCS, vol. 1666, pp. 148–164. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48405-1_10
He, K., Wu, X., Zhang, Y.: Topology research of unstructured P2P network based on node of interest. Comput. Eng. Appl. 09 (2016)
Dahan, S., Nicod, J.M., Philippe, L.: The distributed spanning tree: a scalable interconnection topology for efficient and equitable traversal. In: CCGrid 2005, vol. 1, pp. 243–250. IEEE (2005)
Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Y., Küpçü, A., Ozkasap, O.: Decentralized utility-and locality-aware replication for heterogeneous DHT-based P2P cloud storage systems. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 31(5), 1183–1193 (2019)
Psaras, Y., Dias, D.: The interplanetary file system and the filecoin network. In: 2020 50th Annual IEEE-IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks-Supplemental Volume (DSN-S), pp. 80–80. IEEE (2020)
Khudhur, N., Fujita, S.: Siva-the IPFS search engine. In: 2019 Seventh International Symposium on Computing and Networking (CANDAR), pp. 150–156. IEEE (2019)
Sharma, P., Jindal, R., Borah, M.D.: Blockchain technology for cloud storage: a systematic literature review. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 53(4), 1–32 (2020)
Li, L., Wang, G., Wu, G., Yuan, Y., Chen, L., Lian, X.: A comparative study of consistent snapshot algorithms for main-memory database systems. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 33(2), 316–330 (2019)
Bonneau, J.: EthIKS: using ethereum to audit a CONIKS key transparency log. In: Clark, J., Meiklejohn, S., Ryan, P.Y.A., Wallach, D., Brenner, M., Rohloff, K. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9604, pp. 95–105. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53357-4_7
Qi, X., Zhang, Z., Jin, C., Zhou, A.: BFT-store: storage partition for permissioned blockchain via erasure coding. In: 2020 IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), pp. 1926–1929. IEEE (2020)
Acknowledgement
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, China (No.61772316); the major Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Province (No. 2019JZZY010109, 2020CXGC010106); the Industrial Experts Program of Spring City; National Social Science Fund (No. 20BJY131); the Special Project of Science and Technology Innovation Base of Key Laboratory of Shandong Province for Software Engineering (Project ID:11480004042015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Feng, S., Li, W., Kong, L., Liu, L., Jin, F., Min, X. (2022). StateSnap: A State-Aware P2P Storage Network for Blockchain NFT Content Data. In: Lai, Y., Wang, T., Jiang, M., Xu, G., Liang, W., Castiglione, A. (eds) Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. ICA3PP 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13157. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95391-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95391-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95390-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95391-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)