Skip to main content

Supervised Contrastive Learning for Product Classification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advanced Data Mining and Applications (ADMA 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 13088))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Contrastive learning has shown great results in image classification. It is primarily applied for semi-supervised or unsupervised representation learning. Contrastive learning has recently shown high accuracy results in supervised environments where fully labeled images were utilized for image classification. In the e-commerce field, product image datasets tend not to have a large number of instances which make the classification of new products more difficult. Thus, a model that can classify product images needs to utilize all the existing labeled images in a detailed manner. This paper adopts supervised contrastive learning to explicitly classify products based on their images. This is done by using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) as an auxiliary input and by fine-tuning pre-trained models. OCR takes advantage of the fact that product images have distinct features over standard images. Labels or texts that appear on product images are captured and fed into the projection network along with their corresponding images. This simplifies the classification of the images for the classifier. The use of the auxiliary input with the fine-tuning has shown a noticeable and promising increase in classification accuracy. Experiments have demonstrated that our proposed framework has achieved over a 15% top-1 accuracy increase over the existing methods on three different datasets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aloysius, N., Geetha, M.: A review on deep convolutional neural networks. In: 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), pp. 0588–0592. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chavaltada, C., Pasupa, K., Hardoon, D.R.: A comparative study of machine learning techniques for automatic product categorisation. In: Cong, F., Leung, A., Wei, Q. (eds.) ISNN 2017. LNCS, vol. 10261, pp. 10–17. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59072-1_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen, L., Yang, F., Yang, H.: Image-based product recommendation system with convolutional neural networks (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, T., Kornblith, S., Norouzi, M., Hinton, G.: A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1597–1607. PMLR (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, X., Fan, H., Girshick, R., He, K.: Improved baselines with momentum contrastive learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.04297 (2020)

  6. Dumais, S., Chen, H.: Hierarchical classification of web content. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 256–263 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Falcon, W., Cho, K.: A framework for contrastive self-supervised learning and designing a new approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.00104 (2020)

  8. Fengzi, L., Kant, S., Araki, S., Bangera, S., Shukla, S.S.: Neural networks for fashion image classification and visual search. SSRN 3602664 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Georgieva, P., Zhang, P.: Optical character recognition for autonomous stores. In: 2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS), pp. 69–75. IEEE (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gunel, B., Du, J., Conneau, A., Stoyanov, V.: Supervised contrastive learning for pre-trained language model fine-tuning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.01403 (2020)

  11. He, K., Fan, H., Wu, Y., Xie, S., Girshick, R.: Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 9729–9738 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735–1780 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jund, P., Abdo, N., Eitel, A., Burgard, W.: The freiburg groceries dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.05799 (2016)

  14. Kaur, T., Gandhi, T.K.: Deep convolutional neural networks with transfer learning for automated brain image classification. Mach. Vis. Appl. 31(3), 1–16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-020-01069-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Khosla, P., et al.: Supervised contrastive learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.11362 (2020)

  16. Klasson, M., Zhang, C., Kjellström, H.: A hierarchical grocery store image dataset with visual and semantic labels. In: 2019 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 491–500. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kozareva, Z.: Everyone likes shopping! Multi-class product categorization for e-commerce. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp. 1329–1333 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mahdianpari, M., Salehi, B., Rezaee, M., Mohammadimanesh, F., Zhang, Y.: Very deep convolutional neural networks for complex land cover mapping using multispectral remote sensing imagery. Remote Sens. 10(7), 1119 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Memon, J., Sami, M., Khan, R.A., Uddin, M.: Handwritten optical character recognition (OCR): a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR). IEEE Access 8, 142642–142668 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mori, S., Nishida, H., Yamada, H.: Optical Character Recognition. Wiley, Hoboken (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pan, S.J., Yang, Q.: A survey on transfer learning. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 22(10), 1345–1359 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Peng, J., Xiao, C., Li, Y.: RP2K: a large-scale retail product dataset for fine-grained image classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.12634 (2020)

  23. Schmarje, L., Santarossa, M., Schröder, S.M., Koch, R.: A survey on semi-, self-and unsupervised learning for image classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08721 (2020)

  24. Shi, B., Bai, X., Yao, C.: An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition and its application to scene text recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(11), 2298–2304 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sosnovshchenko, O., Baiev, O.: Machine Learning with Swift: Artificial Intelligence for IOS. Packt Publishing Ltd., Birmingham (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Srivastava, M.M.: Bag of tricks for retail product image classification. In: Campilho, A., Karray, F., Wang, Z. (eds.) ICIAR 2020. LNCS, vol. 12131, pp. 71–82. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50347-5_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., Wojna, Z.: Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2818–2826 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., Wojna, Z.: Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. CoRR arXiv:1512.00567 (2015)

  29. Umaashankar, V., Prakash, A., et al.: Atlas: a dataset and benchmark for e-commerce clothing product categorization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.08984 (2019)

  30. Wagh, D., Mahajan, S.: Product image classification techniques. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. (IJITEE) 8, 389–393 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wang, P., Han, K., Wei, X.S., Zhang, L., Wang, L.: Contrastive learning based hybrid networks for long-tailed image classification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 943–952 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, Y., Wang, Z.: A survey of recent work on fine-grained image classification techniques. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 59, 210–214 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Xie, J., Girshick, R., Farhadi, A.: Unsupervised deep embedding for clustering analysis. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 478–487. PMLR (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zhou, X., et al.: EAST: an efficient and accurate scene text detector. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5551–5560 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Azizi, S., Fang, U., Adibi, S., Li, J. (2022). Supervised Contrastive Learning for Product Classification. In: Li, B., et al. Advanced Data Mining and Applications. ADMA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13088. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95408-6_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95408-6_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95407-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95408-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics