Skip to main content

Adversarial Perturbations for Evolutionary Optimization

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science (LOD 2021)

Abstract

Sampling methods are a critical step for model-based evolutionary algorithms, their goal being the generation of new and promising individuals based on the information provided by the model. Adversarial perturbations have been proposed as a way to create samples that deceive neural networks. In this paper we introduce the idea of creating adversarial perturbations that correspond to promising solutions of the search space. A surrogate neural network is “fooled” by an adversarial perturbation algorithm until it produces solutions that are likely to be of higher fitness than the present ones. Using a benchmark of functions with varying levels of difficulty, we investigate the performance of a number of adversarial perturbation techniques as sampling methods. The paper also proposes a technique to enhance the effect that adversarial perturbations produce in the network. While adversarial perturbations on their own are not able to produce evolutionary algorithms that compete with state of the art methods, they provide a novel and promising way to combine local optimizers with evolutionary algorithms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baluja, S.: Deep learning for explicitly modeling optimization landscapes. CoRR abs/1703.07394 (2017). http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.07394

  2. Dong, Y., et al.: Boosting adversarial attacks with momentum. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 9185–9193. IEEE Press (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Garciarena, U., Mendiburu, A., Santana, R.: Envisioning the benefits of back-drive in evolutionary algorithms. In: 2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Glorot, X., Bengio, Y.: Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 249–256 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Goodfellow, I.J., Shlens, J., Szegedy, C.: Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jin, Y.: Surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation: recent advances and future challenges. Swarm Evolut. Comput. 1(2), 61–70 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jin, Y., Olhofer, M., Sendhoff, B.: On evolutionary optimization with approximate fitness functions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pp. 786–793 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kurakin, A., Goodfellow, I., Bengio, S.: Adversarial examples in the physical world. CoRR abs/1607.02533 (2016). http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02533

  9. Larrañaga, P., Karshenas, H., Bielza, C., Santana, R.: A review on probabilistic graphical models in evolutionary computation. J. Heuristics 18(5), 795–819 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-012-9208-4

  10. Linden, A., Kindermann, J.: Inversion of multilayer nets. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 425–430 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Marti, L., García, J., Berlanga, A., Molina, J.M.: Introducing MONEDA: scalable multiobjective optimization with a neural estimation of distribution algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation GECCO-2008, pp. 689–696. ACM, New York (2008). http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1389095.1389228

  12. Moosavi-Dezfooli, S.M., Fawzi, A., Frossard, P.: DeepFool: a simple and accurate method to fool deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2574–2582 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pal, S.K., Mitra, S.: Multilayer perceptron, fuzzy sets, and classification. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 3(5), 683–697 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Polyak, B.T.: Some methods of speeding up the convergence of iteration methods. USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 4(5), 1–17 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Probst, M., Rothlauf, F.: Deep Boltzmann machines in estimation of distribution algorithms for combinatorial optimization. CoRR abs/1509.06535 (2015). http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.06535

  16. Probst, M., Rothlauf, F., Grahl, J.: Scalability of using restricted Boltzmann machines for combinatorial optimization. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 256(2), 368–383 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Rony, J., Hafemann, L.G., Oliveira, L.S., Ayed, I.B., Sabourin, R., Granger, E.: Decoupling direction and norm for efficient gradient-based l2 adversarial attacks and defenses. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4322–4330 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Stork, J., Eiben, A.E., Bartz-Beielstein, T.: A new taxonomy of global optimization algorithms. Nat. Comput., 1–24 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Suganthan, P.N., et al.: Problem definitions and evaluation criteria for the CEC 2005 special session on real-parameter optimization. Technical report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Szegedy, C., et al.: Intriguing properties of neural networks. CoRR abs/1512.1312.6199 (2015). http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6199

  21. Tang, H., Shim, V., Tan, K., Chia, J.: Restricted Boltzmann machine based algorithm for multi-objective optimization. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wessing, S.: Optproblems: infrastructure to define optimization problems and some test problems for black-box optimization. Python package version 0.9 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yuan, X., He, P., Zhu, Q., Li, X.: Adversarial examples: attacks and defenses for deep learning. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 30(9), 2805–2824 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Santana .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Garciarena, U., Vadillo, J., Mendiburu, A., Santana, R. (2022). Adversarial Perturbations for Evolutionary Optimization. In: Nicosia, G., et al. Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science. LOD 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13164. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95470-3_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95470-3_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95469-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95470-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics