Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Augmented Reality Smart Glasses in Education: Teachers’ Perceptions Regarding the Factors that Influence Their Use in the Classroom

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
New Realities, Mobile Systems and Applications (IMCL 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 411))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Augmented reality smart glasses are one of the emerging technologies in the field of education. As in the case of any type of emerging technology, so too in the case of smart glasses, acceptance by users is key. The purpose of this study was to explore in-service teachers’ perceptions regarding the factors that influence their intention to use augmented reality smart glasses. The study was conducted in January 2021 and involved 91 primary and secondary education teachers. Initially, the technical characteristics and specific functions of smart glasses were presented online to teachers. They were then asked to fill out an online questionnaire with open-ended questions based on the theoretical framework of Technology Acceptance Models. The qualitative analysis of their answers revealed that the majority of teachers intend to use smart glasses in their teaching. Also, it was found that teachers perceive smart glasses as useful for teaching (e.g., by enriching it) and learning (e.g., by enhancing students’ motivation). According to teachers’ perceptions, other factors that may influence them to use smart glasses are their compatibility with them and facilitating conditions, such as infrastructure, technical and pedagogical training, provision of educational material, low cost, and support from educational leadership. Moreover, a small number of teachers referred to risks regarding privacy and health as factors that may inhibit them from using smart glasses. This study provides implications so that this new technology is effectively implemented in schools.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Niknejad, Ν., Ismail, W.B., Mardani, A., Liao, H., Ghani, I.: A comprehensive overview of smart wearables: the state of the art literature, recent advances, and future challenges. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 90, 103529 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tully, J., Dameff, C., Longhurst, C.A.: Wave of wearables: clinical management of patients and the future of connected medicine. Clin. Lab Med. 40(1), 69–82 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Khakurel, J., Melkas, H., Porras, J.: Tapping into the wearable device revolution in the work environment: a systematic review. Inf. Technol. People 31(3), 791–818 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ro, Y.K., Brem, A., Rauschnabel, P.A.: Augmented reality smart glasses: definition, concepts, and impact on firm values creation. In: Jung, T., tom Dieck, C. M. (eds.) Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, pp. 169–181. Ed. Progress in IS. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64027-3_12

  5. Havard, B., Podsiad, M.: A meta-analysis of wearables research in educational settings published 2016–2019. Education Tech. Res. Dev. 68(4), 1829–1854 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09789-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Koutromanos, G., Kazakou, G.: The use of smart wearables in primary and secondary education: a systematic review. Themes eLearn. 33, 33–53 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Göken, M., Başoğlu, A.N., Dabic, M.: Exploring adoption of smart glasses: applications in medical industry. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). Honolulu, HI, (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Han, D.-I.D., tom Dieck, M.C., Jung, T.: Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) visitor adoption in cultural tourism. Leisure Stud. 38(5), 618–633 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Berkemeier, L., Menzel, L., Remark F., Thomas, O.: Acceptance by design: towards an acceptance smart glasses-based information system based on the example of cycling training. In: Proceedings of Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik (MKWI). Lüneburg, Germany (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kalantari, M.: Consumers’ adoption of wearable technologies: literature review, synthesis, and future research agenda. Int. J. Technol. Mark. 1(3), 274–306 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Maroof, R.A., Alfaisal, A.M., Salloum, S.A.: Google glass adoption in the educational environment: a case study in the Gulf area. Educ. Inf. Technol. 26(3), 2477-2500 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fullan, M.: The New Meaning of Educational Change. RoutledgeFalmer, London (2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 13(3), 319–340 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Venkatesh, V., Davis, F.D.: A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Manage. Sci. 46(2), 186–204 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Venkatesh, V., Bala, H.: Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Dec. Sci. 39(2), 273–312 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I.: Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ajzen, I.: The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 50(2), 179–211 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B., Davis, F.D.: User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Q. 27(3), 425–478 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edn. Free Press, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., Tondeur, J.: The technology acceptance (TAM): a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach to explaining teachers’ adoption of digital technology in education. Comput. Educ. 128, 13–35 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Scherer, R., Teo, T.: Unpacking teachers’ intentions to integrate technology: a meta-analysis. Educ. Res. Rev. 27, 90–109 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., Tondeur, J.: All the same or different? revisiting measures of teachers’ technology acceptance. Comput. Educ. 143, 13–35 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yousafzai, S., Foxall, G.R., Pallister, J.G.: Technology acceptance: a meta-analysis of the TAM: Part 1. J. Model. Manag. 2(3), 251–280 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Karahanna, E., Agarwal, R., Angst, C.: Reconceptualizing compatibility beliefs in technology acceptance research. MIS Q. 30(4), 781–804 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rauschnabel, P.A., Ro, Y.K.: Augmented reality glasses: an investigation of technology acceptannce drivers. Int. J. Technol. Mark. 11(2), 123–148 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Başoğlu, N.A., Ok, A.E., Daim, T.U.: What it will take to adopt smart glasses: a consumer choice based review? Technol. Soc. 50, 50–56 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kalantari, M., Rauschnabel, P.: Exploring the early adopters of augmented reality smart glasses: the case of microsoft hololens. In: Jung, T., tom Dieck, M. (eds.) Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. Progress in IS. Springer, Cham. pp. 229–245 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64027-3_16

  28. Başoğlu, N.A., Göken, M., Dabić, M., Özdemir-Güngör, D., Daim, T.U.: Exploring adoption of augmented reality smart glasses: applications in the medical industry. Front. Eng. Manag. 5(2), 167–181 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Özdemir-Güngör, D., Göken, M., Basoglu, N., Shaygan, A., Dabić, M., Daim, T.U.: An acceptance model for the adoption of smart glasses technology by healthcare professionals. In: Larimo, J., Marinov, M., Marinova, S., Leposky, T. (eds.) International Business and Emerging Economy Firms. Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets, pp. 163–194. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27285-2_6

  30. Rauschnabel, P.A., Brem, A., Ivens, B.S.: Who will buy smart glasses? empirical results of two pre-market-entry studies on the role of personality in individual awareness and intended adoption of google glass wearables. Comput. Hum. Behav. 49, 635–647 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Smarkola, C.: Efficacy of a planned behavior model: beliefs that contribute to computer usage intentions of student teachers and experienced teachers. Comput. Hum. Behav. 24, 1196–1215 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sadaf, A., Newby, T.J., Ertmer, P.A.: Exploring pre-service teachers’ beliefs about using web 2.0 technologies in K-12 classroom. Comput. Educ. 59, 937–945 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Koutromanos, G., Mavromatidou, E.: Augmented reality books: what student teachers believe about their use in teaching. In: Tsiatsos, T., Demetriadis, S., Mikropoulos, A., Dagdilelis, V. (eds.) Research on E-Learning and ICT in Education, pp. 75–91. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64363-8_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Strauss, A., Corbin, J.: Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Primary Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Georgia Kazakou & George Koutromanos

Authors
  1. Georgia Kazakou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. George Koutromanos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Georgia Kazakou .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CTI Global, Frankfurt, Germany

    Michael E. Auer

  2. Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kazakou, G., Koutromanos, G. (2022). Augmented Reality Smart Glasses in Education: Teachers’ Perceptions Regarding the Factors that Influence Their Use in the Classroom. In: Auer, M.E., Tsiatsos, T. (eds) New Realities, Mobile Systems and Applications. IMCL 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 411. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96296-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96296-8_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-96295-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-96296-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics