Skip to main content

Mapping Across Relational Domains for Transfer Learning with Word Embeddings-Based Similarity

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Inductive Logic Programming (ILP 2021)

Abstract

Statistical machine learning models are a concise representation of probabilistic dependencies among the attributes of an object. Most of the models assume that training and testing data come from the same distribution. Transfer learning has emerged as an essential technique to handle scenarios where such an assumption does not hold, as it relies on leveraging the knowledge acquired in one or more learning tasks as a starting point to solve a new task. Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) extends statistical learning to represent and learn from data with several objects and their relations. In this way, SRL deals with data with a rich vocabulary composed of classes, objects, their properties, and relationships. When employing transfer learning to SRL, the primary challenge is to transfer the learned structure, mapping the vocabulary from a source domain to a different target domain. To address the problem of transferring across domains, we propose TransBoostler, which uses pre-trained word embeddings to guide the mapping as the name of a predicate usually has a semantic connotation that can be mapped to a vector space model. After transferring, TransBoostler employs theory revision operators further to adapt the mapped model to the target data. In the experimental results, TransBoostler has successfully transferred trees from a source to a distinct target domain, performing equal or better than previous work but requiring less training time.

Supported by CAPES, FAPERJ, and CNPq.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The source code and experiments are publicy available at https://github.com/MeLL-UFF/TransBoostler.

References

  1. Azevedo Santos, R., Paes, A., Zaverucha, G.: Transfer learning by mapping and revising boosted relational dependency networks. Mach. Learn. 109(7), 1435–1463 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-020-05871-x

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Baziotis, C., Pelekis, N., Doulkeridis, C.: Datastories at SemEval-2017 task 4: deep LSTM with attention for message-level and topic-based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2017), pp. 747–754. Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, Canada, August 2017

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bilenko, M., Mooney, R.J.: Adaptive duplicate detection using learnable string similarity measures. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 39–48. KDD 2003. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bojanowski, P., Grave, E., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Enriching word vectors with subword information. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 5, 135–146 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garcia-Duran, A., Weston, J., Yakhnenko, O.: Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. In: Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 1–9 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Camacho-Collados, J., Pilehvar, M.T.: Embeddings in natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts, pp. 10–15 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carlson, A., Betteridge, J., Kisiel, B., Settles, B., Hruschka Jr, E.R., Mitchell, T.M.: Toward an architecture for never-ending language learning. In: AAAI, vol. 5. Atlanta (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Davis, J., Goadrich, M.: The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 233–240 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  9. De Raedt, L.: Logical and Relational Learning. Springer Science & Business Media (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68856-3

  10. Friedman, N., Getoor, L., Koller, D., Pfeffer, A.: Learning probabilistic relational models. In: IJCAI, vol. 99, pp. 1300–1309 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Getoor, L., Taskar, B.: Statistical relational learning (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Khosravi, H., Schulte, O., Hu, J., Gao, T.: Learning compact Markov logic networks with decision trees. Mach. Learn. 89(3), 257–277 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Kumaraswamy, R., Odom, P., Kersting, K., Leake, D., Natarajan, S.: Transfer learning via relational type matching. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 811–816. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kusner, M., Sun, Y., Kolkin, N., Weinberger, K.: From word embeddings to document distances. In: Bach, F., Blei, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, vol. 37, pp. 957–966. PMLR, Lille, France, 07–09 July 2015. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/kusnerb15.html

  15. Mewes, H.W., et al.: MIPS: a database for genomes and protein sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 30(1), 31–34 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mihalkova, L., Huynh, T., Mooney, R.J.: Mapping and revising Markov logic networks for transfer learning. In: AAAI, vol. 7, pp. 608–614 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mihalkova, L., Mooney, R.J.: Bottom-up learning of Markov logic network structure. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 625–632. ICML 2007. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mihalkova, L., Mooney, R.J.: Transfer learning from minimal target data by mapping across relational domains. In: 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Citeseer (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)

  20. Mikolov, T., Grave, E., Bojanowski, P., Puhrsch, C., Joulin, A.: Advances in pre-training distributed word representations. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Miller, G.A.: WordNet: a lexical database for English. Commun. ACM 38(11), 39–41 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Natarajan, S., Khot, T., Kersting, K., Gutmann, B., Shavlik, J.: Gradient-based boosting for statistical relational learning: the relational dependency network case. Mach. Learn. 86(1), 25–56 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Neville, J., Jensen, D.: Relational dependency networks. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 8, 653–692 (2007). JMLR.org. ISSN: 1532-4435

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pan, S.J., Yang, Q.: A survey on transfer learning. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 22(10), 1345–1359 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sidorov, G., Gelbukh, A., Adorno, H.G., Pinto, D.: Soft similarity and soft cosine measure: similarity of features in vector space model. Computación y Sistemas 18 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Torregrossa, F., Allesiardo, R., Claveau, V., Kooli, N., Gravier, G.: A survey on training and evaluation of word embeddings. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 11(2), 85–103 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-021-00242-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Torrey, L., Shavlik, J.: Transfer learning. In: Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Applications and Trends: Algorithms, Methods, and Techniques, pp. 242–264. IGI global (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Toutanova, K., Klein, D., Manning, C.D., Singer, Y.: Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology, vol. 1, pp. 173–180. NAACL 2003, ACl, USA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Van Haaren, J., Kolobov, A., Davis, J.: TODTLER: two-order-deep transfer learning. In: Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 4, pp. 3007–3015. AAAI (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vig, L., Srinivasan, A., Bain, M., Verma, A.: An investigation into the role of domain-knowledge on the use of embeddings. In: Lachiche, N., Vrain, C. (eds.) ILP 2017. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10759, pp. 169–183. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78090-0_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Feng, J., Chen, Z.: Knowledge graph embedding by translating on hyperplanes. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 28 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wrobel, S.: First order theory refinement. Adv. Inductive Logic Programm. 32, 14–33 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yang, Q., Zhang, Y., Dai, W., Pan, S.J.: Transfer Learning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2020)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Thais Luca , Aline Paes or Gerson Zaverucha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Luca, T., Paes, A., Zaverucha, G. (2022). Mapping Across Relational Domains for Transfer Learning with Word Embeddings-Based Similarity. In: Katzouris, N., Artikis, A. (eds) Inductive Logic Programming. ILP 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13191. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97454-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97454-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97453-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97454-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics