Abstract
BER performance of soft and hard decisions over in-vivo radio channel using ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies (3.10–10.60 GHz) is presented in this paper. BER performance is calculated by comparing the message decoded by soft and hard decision algorithms with the transmitted message. This article compares the BER performance of soft and hard decisions over in vivo radio channels with Eb/No = (0–14 dB). We used MATLAB for this experiment. BER performance is better with a soft decision decoding algorithm in the log domain than with a hard decision algorithm, regardless of the Eb/No Levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mezher, M., Ilyas, M., Bayat, O., Abbasi, Q.H.: Bit error rate performance of in-vivo radio channel using maximum likelihood sequence estimation. In: 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE), pp. 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCE49384.2020.9179248
Ilyas, M., et al.: Evaluation of ultra‐wideband in vivo radio channel and its effects on system performance. Trans. Emerging Telecommun. Technol. 30(1), e3530 (2019)
Demir, A.F., et al.: In vivo wireless channel modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.08199 (2019)
Obaid, S.M., Elwi, T.A., Ilyas, M.: Fractal minkowski-shaped resonator for noninvasive biomedical measurements: blood glucose test. Progress Electromagnetics Res. C 107, 143–156 (2021)
Ilyas, M., Bayat, O., Abbasi, Q.H.: Experimental analysis of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel. In 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp. 1–4. IEEE, May 2018
Abbasi, Q.H., Member, S., Nasir, A.A., Member, K.Y.: Cooperative In-Vivo Nano-Network Communication at Terahertz Frequencies Nano-Micro Interface Relay Nodes Data-Analysis Nano-Routers, vol. 3536, no. c, pp. 1–5 (2017)
Rathore, H., Mohamed, A., Guizani, M.: Deep learning-based security schemes for implantable medical devices. In: Energy Efficiency of Medical Devices and Healthcare Applications, pp. 109–130. Academic Press (2020)
Ilyas, M., Ucan, O.N., Bayat, O., Yang, X., Abbasi, Q.H.: Mathematical modeling of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel. IEEE Access 6, 20848–20854 (2018)
Demir, A.F., Z. E. Ankaralı, Q. H. Abbasi, E. Serpedin, and H. Arslan, “T 32 |||,”, June 2016
Ilyas, M., Bayat, O., Ucan, O.N., Imran, M.A., Abbasi, Q.H.: Location dependent channel characteristics for implantable devices. In: 2019 International Conference on Advances in the Emerging Computing Technologies (AECT), pp. 1–4. IEEE, February 2020
Anatomical, H., Demir, A.F., Member, S., Ankarali, Z.E., Member, S., Abbasi, Q.H.: Anatomical Region-Specific In Vivo Wireless Communication Channel Characterization, June 2017
Szivek, J.A., Roberto, R.F., Margolis, D.S.: In Vivo Strain Measurements from Hardware and Lamina during Spine Fusion, pp. 243– 250 (2005)
Alomainy, A., Hao, Y., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y.: Modelling and characterisation of radio propagation from wireless implants at different frequencies. In 2006 European Conference on Wireless Technology, pp. 119–122. IEEE, September 2006
Shubair, R.M., Elayan, H.: A survey of in vivo WBAN communications and networking: research issues and challenges. In 2015 11th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT), pp. 11–16. IEEE. November 2015
Yang, K., Hussain, Q., Chopra, N., Munoz, M.: Nano Communication Networks Effects of non-flat interfaces in human skin tissues on the in-vivo Tera-Hertz communication channel. Nano Commun. Netw., pp. 1–9 (2015)
Hussein, E.D., Qasem, N., Jameel, M.S., Ilyas, M., Bayat, O.: Performance optimization of microstrip patch antenna using frequency selective surfaces for 60 GHz. In 2020 28th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp. 1–4. IEEE, October 2020
Elias, J., Mehaoua, A.: Energy-aware topology design for wireless body area networks. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 3409–3410). IEEE, June 2012
Özdogan, Ö., Member, S., Björnson, E., Member, S.: Massive MIMO with spatially correlated rician fading channels, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1–17 (2019)
Khan, J.Y., Yuce, M.R., Bulger, G., Harding, B.: Wireless body area network (WBAN) design techniques and performance evaluation. J. Med. Syst. 36(3), 1441–1457 (2012)
Science, C., Mary, Q.: Characterisation of the In-vivo Terahertz Communication Channel within the Human Body Tissues for Future Nano-Communication Networks, no, September 2015
Chopra, N., Upton, J., Philpott, M., Alomainy, A.: Characterization of Volumetric Change in Collagen using THz Time Domain Spectroscopy for In-Body Nanonetworks, vol. 1, pp. 1–2
Singh, M., Wassell, I.J.: Comparison between soft and hard decision decoding using quaternary convolutional encoders and the decomposed CPM model. In: IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No. 01CH37202), vol. 2, pp. 1347–1351. IEEE, May 2001
Zheng, S., Zhou, X., Chen, S., Qi, P., Yang, X.: DemodNet : Learning Soft Demodulation from Hard Information Using Convolutional Neural Network, pp. 1–5
Hassan, K., Michael, K., Mrutu, S.I.: Design of s oft viterbi algorithm decoder enhanced with non t ransmittable c odewords for storage media, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–11 (2017)
Alhasan, A., Audah, L., Alabbas, A.: Energy overhead evaluation of security trust models for IoT applications. J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol. 98, 69–77 (2020)
Khan, I., Zafar, M.H., Ashraf, M., Kim, S.: Computationally Efficient Channel Estimation in 5G, pp. 1–12 (2018)
Hussein, Y.M., Mutlag, A.H., Al-nedawe, B.M.: Comparisons of Soft Decision Decoding Algorithms Based LDPC Wireless Communication System Comparisons of Soft Decision Decoding Algorithms Based LDPC Wireless Communication System (2021)
Jose, R., Pe, A.: Analysis of hard decision and soft decision decoding algorithms of LDPC codes in AWGN. In: 2015 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), pp. 430–435. IEEE, June 2015
Alabbas, A.R., et al.: Performance enhancement of safety message communication via designing dynamic power control mechanisms in vehicular ad hoc networks. Comput. Intell. 37(3), 1286–1308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/coin.12367
Alvarado, A., Member, S., Agrell, E., Member, S.: Replacing the Soft- decision FEC Limit Paradigm in the Design of Optical Communication Systems (2015)
Jeon, T., Yoon, S., Kim, K.: Performance of Iterative Soft Decision Feedback Equalizers for Single-Carrier Transmission, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1280–1285 (2017)
Hewavithana, T.C., Brookes, M.: Soft decisions for dqpsk demodulation for the viterbi decoding of the convolutional codes, pp. 17–20 (2003)
Phamdo, N., Alajaji, F.: Soft-decision demodulation design for COVQ over white, colored, and ISI Gaussian channels. IEEE Trans. Commun. 48(9), 1499–1506 (2000)
Theses, M., Liu, S.: Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Soft-decision equalization techniques for frequency selective MIMO channels Soft- Decision Equalization Techniques for Frequency Selective MIMO Channels
Abbasi, Q.H., Alomainy, A., Hao, Y.: Antenna diversity techniques for enhanced networks in healthcare (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mezher, M., AlAbbas, A.R. (2022). Performance Analysis of Hard Decision and Soft Decision Algorithms Over In Vivo Radio Channel. In: Djeddi, C., Siddiqi, I., Jamil, A., Ali Hameed, A., Kucuk, İ. (eds) Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. MedPRAI 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1543. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04112-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04112-9_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04111-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04112-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)