Abstract
Cervical cancer consumes many lives around the world. Many of these lives could be saved if more women were screened for cervical cancer. This study explored the potential of digital nudging through short electronic messages as a means of increasing women’s participation in cervical screening programs. A questionnaire-based study was designed to explore Norwegian women’s perceptions towards five different types of nudges, with a total of 280 respondents. The results show that women were generally positive towards text message nudging. The type of nudge had a significant effect on the respondents’ perceptions. Messages that invited to an explicit appointment was perceived most positively, and incentives nudges were perceived least positively. About 87% of the participants expressed that it was desirable to receive such invitations via text messages although younger participants were more positive towards digital text messages than older participants. The results may be useful in designing more effective campaigns for increased participation in cervical cancer screening programmes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
World Health Organization. Launch of the global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer. WHO (2020). https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2020/11/17/default-calendar/launch-of-the-global-strategy-to-accelerate-the-elimination-of-cervical-cancer. Accessed 30 Dec 2021
Cancer Registry of Norway. Life could have been saved. https://www.kreftregisteret.no/Generelt/Nyheter/-liv-kunne-vart-reddet/. Accessed 19 Aug 2020
Cancer Registry of Norway. Annual Report Cervical Cancer Program 2017–2018. Cancer Registry, 2017–2018 edition. Cancer Registry of Norway (2018)
Marlow, L.A., Chorley, A.J., Haddrell, J., Ferrer, R., Waller, J.: Understanding the heterogeneity of cervical cancer screening non-participants: data from a national sample of British women. Eur. J. Cancer 80, 30–38 (2017)
Bosgraaf, R.P., et al.: Reasons for non-attendance to cervical screening and preferences for HPV self-sampling in Dutch women. Prev. Med. 64, 108–113 (2014)
Ekechi, C., Olaitan, A., Ellis, R., Koris, J., Amajuoyi, A., Marlow, L.A.: Knowledge of cervical cancer and attendance at cervical cancer screening: a survey of Black women in London. BMC Publ. Health 14(1), 1–9 (2014)
Aasbø, G., Solbrække, K.N., Waller, J., Tropé, A., Nygård, M., Hansen, B.T.: Perspectives of non-attenders for cervical cancer screening in Norway: a qualitative focus group study. BMJ Open 9(8), e029505 (2019)
Waller, J., Jackowska, M., Marlow, L., Wardle, J.: Exploring age differences in reasons for nonattendance for cervical screening: a qualitative study. BJOG: Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 119(1), 26–32 (2012)
Fogg, B.J.: Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do. Ubiquity (2002)
Orji, R., Moffatt, K.: Persuasive technology for health and wellness: state-of-the-art and emerging trends. Health Inf. J. 24(1), 66–91 (2018)
Thaler, R.H., Sunstein, C.R.: Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Penguin (2009)
Huf, S., et al.: Behavioral economics informed message content in text message reminders to improve cervical screening participation: Two pragmatic randomized controlled trials. Prevent. Med. 139, 106170 (2020)
Sallis, A., Harper, H., Sanders, M.: Effect of persuasive messages on National Health Service Organ Donor Registrations: a pragmatic quasi-randomised controlled trial with one million UK road taxpayers. Trials 19(1) (2018)
Lehmann, B.A., Chapman, G.B., Franssen, F.M., Kok, G., Ruiter, R.A.: Changing the default to promote influenza vaccination among health care workers. Vaccine 34(11), 1389–1392 (2016)
Volpp, K.G., John, L.K., Troxel, A.B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J., Loewenstein, G.: Financial incentive–based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial. JAMA 300(22), 2631–2637 (2008)
Blandford, A.: HCI for health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 131, 41–51 (2019)
Volpp, K.G., et al.: A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 699–709 (2009)
Uy, C., Lopez, J., Trinh-Shevrin, C., Kwon, S.C., Sherman, S.E., Liang, P.S.: Text messaging interventions on cancer screening rates: a systematic review. J. Med. Internet Res. 19(8), e296 (2017)
Jung, J.Y., Mellers, B.A.: American attitudes toward nudges. Judgm. Decis. Mak. 11(1) (2016)
Diepeveen, S., Ling, T., Suhrcke, M., Roland, M., Marteau, T.M.: Public acceptability of government intervention to change health-related behaviours: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Publ. Health 13(1), 1–11 (2013)
Dolan, P., Hallsworth, M., Halpern, D., King, D., Metcalfe, R., Vlaev, I.: Influencing behaviour: the mindspace way. J. Econ. Psychol. 33(1), 264–277 (2012)
Hofmann, B., Stanak, M.: Nudging in screening: literature review and ethical guidance. Patient Educ. Couns. 101(9), 1561–1569 (2018)
Hansen, P.G., Jespersen, A.M.: Nudge and the manipulation of choice: a framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. Eur. J. Risk Regulat. 4(1), 3–28 (2013)
Duffy, S.W., Myles, J.P., Maroni, R., Mohammad, A.: Rapid review of evaluation of interventions to improve participation in cancer screening services. J. Med. Screen. 24(3), 127–145 (2017)
Katner, K., Jianu, R.: The effectiveness of nudging in commercial settings and impact on user trust. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2019)
Arning, K., Ziefle, M.: Different perspectives on technology acceptance: the role of technology type and age. In: Holzinger, A., Miesenberger, K. (eds.) USAB 2009. LNCS, vol. 5889, pp. 20–41. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10308-7_2
Fogg, B.J.: A behavior model for persuasive design. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology. ACM (2009)
Turland, J., Coventry, L., Jeske, D., Briggs, P., van Moorsel, A.: Nudging towards security: developing an application for wireless network selection for android phones. In: Proceedings of the 2015 British HCI Conference, pp. 193–201. ACM (2015)
Zimmermann, V., Renaud, K.: The nudge puzzle: matching nudge interventions to cybersecurity decisions. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 28(1), 1–45 (2021)
Kankane, S., DiRusso, C., Buckley, C.: Can we nudge users toward better password management? an initial study. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2018)
Ali Mehenni, H., Kobylyanskaya, S., Vasilescu, I., Devillers, L.: Children as candidates to verbal nudging in a human-robot experiment. In: Companion Publication of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 482–486. ACM (2020)
Mitchell, R.: Levelling, nudging, and easing: inspirational design patterns for supporting new encounters. In: Proceedings of the 5th International ACM In-Cooperation HCI and UX Conference, pp. 116–127. ACM (2019)
Wecker, A., Kuflik, T., Stock, O.: Reflections on persuasive and digital nudging methods for cultural heritage. In: Adjunct Publication of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 370–372. ACM (2020)
Zamprogno, L., Holmes, R., Baniassad, E.: Nudging student learning strategies using formative feedback in automatically graded assessments. In: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on SPLASH-E. ACM (2020)
Fechner, W., Herder, E.: Digital nudging for more ecological supermarket purchases. In: Adjunct Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 284–292. ACM (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3450614.3464620
Kalnikaite, V., et al.: How to nudge in Situ: designing lambent devices to deliver salient information in supermarkets. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 11–20. ACM (2011)
Starke, A.D., Kløverød, E., Hauge, S., Løkeland, L.S.: Nudging healthy choices in food search through list re-ranking. In: Adjunct Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 293–298. ACM (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3450614.3464621
Schneider, C., Weinmann, M., Vom Brocke, J.: Digital nudging: guiding online user choices through interface design. Commun. ACM 61(7), 67–73 (2018)
Gouveia, R., Pereira, F., Karapanos, E., Munson, S.A., Hassenzahl, M.: Exploring the design space of glanceable feedback for physical activity trackers. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 144–155. ACM (2016)
Harrison, J.D., Patel, M.S.: Designing nudges for success in health care. AMA J. Ethics 22(9), 796–801 (2020)
Gotlieb, A., Louarn, M., Nygard, M., Ruiz-Lopez, T., Sen, S., Gori, R.: Constraint-based verification of a mobile app game designed for nudging people to attend cancer screening. In: Twenty-Ninth IAAI Conference (2017)
Klasnja, P., Pratt, W.: Healthcare in the pocket: mapping the space of mobile-phone health interventions. J. Biomed. Inf. 45(1), 184–198 (2012)
Caraban, A., Konstantinou, L., Karapanos, E.: The nudge deck: a design support tool for technology-mediated nudging. In: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, pp. 395–406. ACM (2020)
Caraban, A., Karapanos, E., Gonçalves, D., Campos, P.: 23 ways to nudge: a review of technology-mediated nudging in human-computer interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2019)
von Wagner, C., et al.: The impact of descriptive norms on motivation to participate in cancer screening–evidence from online experiments. Patient Educ. Couns. 102(9), 1621–1628 (2019)
Tannenbaum, M.B., et al.: Appealing to fear: a meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories. Psychol. Bull. 141(6), 1178 (2015)
Sandnes, F.E.: HIDE: short IDs for robust and anonymous linking of users across multiple sessions in small HCI experiments. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2021)
Norman, G.: Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Adv. Health Sci. Educ. 15(5), 625–632 (2010)
Guest, G., MacQueen, K.M., Namey, E.E.: Applied Thematic Analysis. Sage (2011)
Lönnberg, S., et al.: Impact of scheduled appointments on cervical screening participation in Norway: a randomised intervention. BMJ Open 6(11), e013728 (2016)
Reisch, L.A., Sunstein, C.R.: Do Europeans like nudges? Judgm. Decis. Mak. 11(4), 310–325 (2016)
Kerrison, R.S., Shukla, H., Cunningham, D., Oyebode, O., Friedman, E.: Text-message reminders increase uptake of routine breast screening appointments: a randomised controlled trial in a hard-to-reach population. Br. J. Cancer 112(6), 1005–1010 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ytterland, T.B., Fagernes, S., Sandnes, F.E. (2022). Perceptions of Digital Nudging for Cervical Testing: A Comparison Four Nudge Types. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Novel Design Approaches and Technologies. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13308. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05028-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05028-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-05027-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-05028-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)