Abstract
The digitalisation of learning, teaching, and study processes has a major impact on possible evaluations and uses of data, for example with regard to individual learning recommendations, prognosis, or assessments. This also gives rise to ethical issues centered around digital teaching and possible challenges of data use. One possible approach to this challenge might be to install a Digital Ethics Officer (DEO), whose future profile this paper outlines for a Educational Technology unit of a Higher Education Institution (HEI). Therefore, an introductory overview of the tasks and roles of Ethics Officers (EO) is given based on the literature. The authors then describe the current ethics program of a university of technology and collect current and potential ethical issues from the field of educational technologies. Based on this, a first professional profile for a DEO at an educational technology unit of a university is described. From the authors’ point of view, the article thus prepares important considerations and steps for the future of this position.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adobor, H.: Exploring the role performance of corporate ethics officers. J. Bus. Ethics 69, 57–75 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9068-7
Bayer, M., Hauser, I., Zöggeler, A.: Zitieren nach ethischen Grundsätzen? (nd). https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=4d2daecd474b4&location=browse
BBC: Alexa tells 10-year-old girl to touch live plug with penny (December 2021). https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-59810383
Bennett, J.B.: Do colleges and universities need ethics officers? Acad. Leadersh.: Online J. 1(2), 4 (2003). https://scholars.fhsu.edu/alj/vol1/iss2/4
Braun, C.: Technologiegestützte Lehre vermitteln - TELucation an der TU Graz (2021). https://hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de/de/blog/telucation-tu-graz. Accessed 10 Feb 2022
Brookes, K., Davidson, P., Daly, J., Hancock, K.: Community health nursing in Australia: a critical literature review and implications for professional development. Contemp. Nurse 16, 195–207 (2004). https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.16.3.195
Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer (CECO) Definition Working Group: Leading Corporate Integrity: Defining the Role of the Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer. Ethics Resource Center (June 2010). https://www.ethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2010-ECI-WP-Leading-Corporate-Integrity.pdf
Coeckelbergh, M.: Artificial intelligence: some ethical issues and regulatory challenges. Technol. Regul. 2019, 31–34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.26116/techreg.2019.003
Dougherty, C.: Google photos mistakenly labels black people ‘gorillas’ (July 2015). https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/google-photos-mistakenly-labels-black-people-gorillas/
Ebner, M.: iMooX - a MOOC platform for all (universities). In: 2021 7th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEEIE), pp. 537–540 (December 2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEIE52663.2021.9616685
Ebner, M., Schön, S., Dennerlein, S., Edelsbrunner, S., Haas, M., Nagler, W.: Digitale Transformation der Lehre an Hochschulen - ein Werkstattbericht (December 2021)
Ebner, M., Schön, S., Braun, C., Ebner, M., Grigoriadis, Y., Haas, M., et al.: Covid-19 epidemic as e-learning boost? Chronological development and effects at an Austrian university against the background of the concept of “e-learning readiness’’. Future Internet 12(6), 94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12060094
Edelsbrunner, S.: Entwicklungspapier E-Assessment an der TU Graz. Workingpaper, Graz University of Technology (February 2022). https://doi.org/10.3217/s2rpc-x5g66
Edelsbrunner, S., Steiner, K., Schön, S., Ebner, M., Leitner, P.: Promoting digital skills for Austrian employees through a MOOC: results and lessons learned from design and implementation. Educ. Sci. 12(2), 89 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020089
European Commission and Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology: Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Publications Office (2019). https://doi.org/10.2759/177365
Gnazzo, P.J.: The chief ethics and compliance officer: a test of endurance. Bus. Soc. Rev. 116(4), 533–553 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8594.2011.00396.x
Gosch, N., Andrews, D., Barreiros, C., Leitner, P., Staudegger, E., Ebner, M., et al.: Learning analytics as a service for empowered learners: from data subjects to controllers. In: LAK21: 11th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, pp. 475–481. Association for Computing Machinery (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3448139.3448186
Graz University of Technology: Climate-neutral TU Graz. Roadmap. https://www.tugraz.at/en/tu-graz/university/climate-neutral-tu-graz/roadmap/#c367923. Accessed 17 Jan 2022
Graz University of Technology: Commission for scientific integrity and ethics. https://www.tugraz.at/en/tu-graz/organisational-structure/representative-bodies-for-members-of-tu-graz/commission-for-scientific-integrity-and-ethics/. Accessed 15 Jan 2022
Graz University of Technology: Electronic mailbox for anonymous tips (whistleblowing). https://www.tugraz.at/en/about-this-page/electronic-mailbox-for-anonymous-tips-whistleblowing/. Accessed 15 Jan 2022
Graz University of Technology: STS - science, technology and society unit. https://www.tugraz.at/arbeitsgruppen/sts/home/. Accessed 15 Jan 2022
Graz University of Technology: Sustainability Advisory Board. https://www.tugraz.at/en/tu-graz/organisational-structure/committees/sustainability-advisory-board/. Accessed 10 Feb 2022
Graz University of Technology: TUbe. https://tube.tugraz.at/. Accessed 10 Feb 2022
Graz University of Technology: Ethischer Kodex der TU Graz (October 2008). https://mibla-archiv.tugraz.at/08_09/Stk_1/EthikKodex1_0_1008.pdf
Graz University of Technology: Richtlinie zu offenen Bildungsressourcen an der Technischen Universität Graz (OER-Policy) (November 2020). https://www.tugraz.at/fileadmin/user_upload/tugrazExternal/02bfe6da-df31-4c20-9e9f-819251ecfd4b/2020_2021/Stk_5/RL_OER_Policy_24112020.pdf
Graz University of Technology: Stellen- und Funktionsbeschreibung (2020). internal document
Graz Universtity of Technology: Verhaltenskodex (Compliance Richtlinie) (June 2021). https://www.tugraz.at/fileadmin/public/Studierende_und_Bedienstete/Richtlinien_und_Verordnungen_der_TU_Graz/Verhaltenskodex_Compliance_Richtlinie_Deutsch.pdf
Greenberg, M.D.: Perspectives of Chief Ethics and Compliance Officers on the Detection and Prevention of Corporate Misdeeds: What the Policy Community Should Know. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica (2009)
Hoffman, W.M., Neill, J.D., Stovall, O.S.: An investigation of ethics officer independence. J. Bus. Ethics 78(1/2), 87–95 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9312-1
Hogenbirk, S., van Dun, D.: Innovative ethics officers as drivers of effective ethics programs: an empirical study in the Netherlands. Bus. Ethics Eur. Rev. 30, 76–89 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12310
iMoox Homepage. https://imoox.at/. Accessed 10 Feb 2022
Ingram, M., Reinschmidt, K., Schachter, K., Davidson, C., Sabo, S., Zapien, J., et al.: Establishing a professional profile of community health workers: results from a national study of roles, activities and training. J. Community Health 37, 529–37 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9475-2
Izraeli, D., BarNir, A.: Promoting ethics through ethics officers: a proposed profile and an application. J. Bus. Ethics 17(11), 1189–1196 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005770732000
Janssen, M., Brous, P., Estevez, E., Barbosa, L.S., Janowski, T.: Data governance: organizing data for trustworthy artificial intelligence. Gov. Inf. Q. 37(3), 101493 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101493
Kaptein, M.: Guidelines for the development of an ethics safety net. J. Bus. Ethics 41(3), 217–234 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021221211283
Kaptein, M.: Ethics programs and ethical culture: a next step in unraveling their multi-faceted relationship. J. Bus. Ethics 89, 261–281 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9998-3
Kaptein, M.: The effectiveness of ethics programs: the role of scope, composition, and sequence. J. Bus. Ethics 132, 415–431 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2296-3
Knowledge CheckR Homepage. https://www.knowledgecheckr.com/. Accessed 10 Feb 2022
Ladurner, C., Ortner, C., Lach, K., Ebner, M., Haas, M., Ebner, M., et al.: The development and implementation of missing tools and procedures at the interface of a university’s learning management system, its OER repository and the Austrian OER referatory. Int. J. Open Educ. Resour. 3(2), 25065 (2020)
Leitner, P., Ebner, M., Ammenwerth, E., Andergassen, M., Csanyi, G., Gröblinger, O., et al.: Learning Analytics: Einsatz an österreichischen Hochschulen. Workingpaper, Verein Forum neue Medien in der Lehre Austria, Austria (November 2019)
Leitner, P., Ebner, M., Geisswinkler, H., Schön, S.: Visualization of learning for students: a dashboard for study progress – development, design details, implementation, and user feedback. In: Sahin, M., Ifenthaler, D. (eds.) Visualizations and Dashboards for Learning Analytics. Advances in Analytics for Learning and Teaching. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81222-5_19
Lima, R., Mesquita, D., Rocha, C., Rabelo, M.: Defining the industrial and engineering management professional profile: a longitudinal study based on job advertisements. Production 27, e20162299 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.229916
Llopis, J., Gonzalez, R., Gasco, J.: Corporate governance and organisational culture: the role of ethics officers. Int. J. Discl. Gov. 4, 96–105 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jdg.2050051
Mazur, T.C.: Ethics Officers, pp. 2028–2034. Springer, Heidelberg (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2378
Morf, D.A., Schumacher, M.G., Vitell, S.J.: A survey of ethics officers in large organizations. J. Bus. Ethics 20(3), 265–271 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006000131803
Murr, T., Schön, S., Ebner, M.: By pupils for students: experience with the MOOC “Tenses Explained” (April 2021). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28346.11209
Pausits, A., Oppl, S., Schön, S., Fellner, M., Campell, D.: Distance Learning an österreichischen Universitäten und Hochschulen im Sommersemester 2020 und Wintersemester 2020/21. Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung (July 2021)
Remišová, A., Lašáková, A., Kirchmayer, Z.: Influence of formal ethics program components on managerial ethical behavior. J. Bus. Ethics 160(1), 151–166 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3832-3
Saldaña, D., Achury, L., Colmenares, S., Romero, H., Cavallo, E., Ulloa, A., et al.: Professional profile and work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units: a multicentre study. J. Clin. Nurs. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16026
Scheidig, F., Holmeier, M.: Learning Analytics aus institutioneller Perspektive: Ein Orientierungsrahmen für die hochschulische Datennutzung, pp. 215–231 (October 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32849-8_13
Slade, S., Tait, A.: Global guidelines: ethics in learning analytics. Tech. rep. (March 2019). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/208251
Thomas, B.J., Hajiyev, J.: The direct and indirect effects of personality on data breach in education through the task-related compulsive technology use: M-learning perspective. IJCDS J. 9, 457–467 (2020). https://doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/090310
Treviño, L., den Nieuwenboer, N., Kreiner, G., Bishop, D.: Legitimating the legitimate: a grounded theory study of legitimacy work among ethics and compliance officers. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 123, 186–205 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.10.009
Vangarov, I.A., Belichev, M.G., Ilieva, N.I.: Application of statistical software SPSS to study the professional profile of engineers (nd)
Weber, J.: Implementing an organizational ethics program in an academic environment: the challenges and opportunities for the Duquesne university schools of business. J. Bus. Ethics 65(1), 23–42 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3970-2
Wohinz, J.W.: Die Arbeitsplatzbeschreibung im Angestelltenbereich, pp. 1–8 (1976)
Zsolnai, L., Tencati, A.: The Future International Manager: A Vision of the Roles and Duties of Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London (2009)
Acknowledgements
Contributions and development were partly delivered within the project “Learning Analytics: Effects of data analysis on learning success” (01/2020-12/2021) with TU Graz and University of Graz as partners and the Province of Styria as funding body (12. Zukunftsfonds Steiermark). We would also like to thank Armin Spök and Günter Getzinger from the Science, Technology and Society Unit at TU Graz for their helpful comments and feedback on our work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Andrews, D., Leitner, P., Schön, S., Ebner, M. (2022). Developing a Professional Profile of a Digital Ethics Officer in an Educational Technology Unit in Higher Education. In: Zaphiris, P., Ioannou, A. (eds) Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing the Learner and Teacher Experience. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13328. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05657-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05657-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-05656-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-05657-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)