Abstract
Text Entry is a significant topic in human-computer interaction in Virtual Reality. Most common text entry methods require users to interact with a 2D QWERTY keyboard in 3D space using a ray emitting from their hands or controllers. This requires the user’s head and hands to be in a specific position and orientation to do text entry. We propose a new text entry input method that we call Flick Typing that is agnostic to user posture or keyboard position. Flick Typing utilizes the user’s knowledge of a QWERTY keyboard layout, but does not explicitly provide visualization of the keys. To type with Flick Typing, users will move their controller to where they think the target QWERTY key is with respect to the controller’s starting position and orientation, often with a simple flick of their wrists. We provide a manually defined gesture-key mapping model of the QWERTY keys in 3D space. Experiments containing both quantitative and qualitative measurements are conducted and discussed this paper, which shows the potential of our method.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikary, J., Vertanen, K.: Typing on midair virtual keyboards: exploring visual designs and interaction styles. In: Ardito, C., et al. (eds.) INTERACT 2021. LNCS, vol. 12935, pp. 132–151. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_9
Arif, A.S., Stuerzlinger, W.: Analysis of text entry performance metrics. In: 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH), pp. 100–105. IEEE (2009)
Bangor, A., Kortum, P.T., Miller, J.T.: An empirical evaluation of the system usability scale. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 24(6), 574–594 (2008)
Boletsis, C., Kongsvik, S.: Text input in virtual reality: a preliminary evaluation of the drum-like VR keyboard. Technologies 7(2) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies7020031. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/7/2/31
Boustila, S., Guégan, T., Takashima, K., Kitamura, Y.: Text typing in VR using smartphones touchscreen and HMD. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 860–861 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798238
Fashimpaur, J., Kin, K., Longest, M.: PinchType: text entry for virtual and augmented reality using comfortable thumb to fingertip pinches. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–7 (2020)
Grier, R.A.: How high is high? A meta-analysis of NASA-TLX global workload scores. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 59, 1727–1731 (2015)
Gupta, A., Ji, C., Yeo, H.S., Quigley, A., Vogel, D.: RotoSwype: word-gesture typing using a ring, pp. 1–12. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300244
Hart, S.G.: Nasa-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 50, 904–908 (2006)
Jimenez, J.G.: A prototype for text input in virtual reality with a Swype-like process using a hand-tracking device. University of California, San Diego (2017)
Kim, R., Donahoe, K., Sriram, P.: A survey and implementation of fast-input typing methods in virtual reality
Kim, Y.R., Kim, G.J.: HoVR-type: smartphone as a typing interface in VR using hovering. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), pp. 200–203 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2017.7889285
Knierim, P., Schwind, V., Feit, A.M., Nieuwenhuizen, F., Henze, N.: Physical Keyboards in virtual reality: analysis of typing performance and effects of avatar hands, pp. 1–9. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173919
Lee, Y., Kim, G.J.: Vitty: virtual touch typing interface with added finger buttons. In: Lackey, S., Chen, J. (eds.) VAMR 2017. LNCS, vol. 10280, pp. 111–119. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57987-0_9
Lewis, J.R., Sauro, J.: The factor structure of the system usability scale. In: Kurosu, M. (ed.) HCD 2009. LNCS, vol. 5619, pp. 94–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02806-9_12
Lin, J.W., et al.: Visualizing the keyboard in virtual reality for enhancing immersive experience. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2017 Posters, SIGGRAPH 2017. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3102163.3102175
Ma, X., Yao, Z., Wang, Y., Pei, W., Chen, H.: Combining brain-computer interface and eye tracking for high-speed text entry in virtual reality. In: 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI 2018, pp. 263–267. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3172944.3172988
MacKenzie, I.S., Soukoreff, R.W.: Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques. In: CHI’03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 754–755 (2003)
Moroney, W.F., Biers, D.W., Eggemeier, F.T., Mitchell, J.A.: A comparison of two scoring procedures with the NASA task load index in a simulated flight task. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 1992 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference@ m_NAECON 1992, pp. 734–740. IEEE (1992)
Rajanna, V., Hansen, J.P.: Gaze typing in virtual reality: impact of keyboard design, selection method, and motion. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, ETRA 2018. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3204541
Richardson, M., Durasoff, M., Wang, R.: Decoding surface touch typing from hand-tracking. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 686–696 (2020)
Speicher, M., Feit, A.M., Ziegler, P., Krüger, A.: Selection-based text entry in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2018, pp. 1–13. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174221
Speicher, M., Feit, A.M., Ziegler, P., Krüger, A.: Selection-based text entry in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2018)
Wu, C.-M., Hsu, C.-W., Lee, T.-K., Smith, S.: A virtual reality keyboard with realistic haptic feedback in a fully immersive virtual environment. Virtual Reality 21(1), 19–29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-016-0296-6
Yang, Z., Chen, C., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Li, H., Xu, W.: Effect of spatial enhancement technology on input through the keyboard in virtual reality environment, vol. 78, pp. 164–175 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.03.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687019300596
Yao, P., Lympouridis, V., Zhu, T., Zyda, M., Jia, R.: Punch typing: alternative method for text entry in virtual reality. In: Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, pp. 1–2 (2020)
Yu, D., Fan, K., Zhang, H., Monteiro, D., Xu, W., Liang, H.N.: PizzaText: text entry for virtual reality systems using dual thumbsticks. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 24(11), 2927–2935 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2868581
Zhang, Z., Sun, M., Gao, B., Wang, L.: 2-thumbs typing: a novel bimanual text entry method in virtual reality environments. In: 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), pp. 530–531 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW52623.2021.00147
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yang, T., Yao, P., Zyda, M. (2022). Flick Typing: A New VR Text Input System Based on Space Gestures. In: Chen, J.Y.C., Fragomeni, G. (eds) Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: Design and Development. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13317. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05939-1_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05939-1_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-05938-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-05939-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)