Abstract
The LoRaWAN standard has become one of the most extended Internet-of-Things technologies in both academia and industry due to its long communication range and high energy efficiency. Given the fast-growth expectations of the reverse logistics sector —partly caused by an imminent number of electric-vehicle batteries to be disposed of in the coming years—, the adoption of wireless machine-type communications promises several benefits towards products’ end-of-life monitoring and diagnosis. While LoRaWAN seems a suitable technology for this purpose, its scalability limitations need to be first resolved. To shed light on this matter, this work presents a multi-agent approach to support an efficient allocation of network resources in time-slotted communications running on top of LoRaWAN’s MAC layer. By considering different slot-length computation strategies, the multi-agent network components interact with joining LoRaWAN devices and assign them to the most convenient transmission schedule which, in turn, depends on both application and hardware-specific constraints. Our results point to network scalability improvements ranging from 43.22% to 86.54% depending on the slot-length computation strategy being applied.
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Acknowledgments
Grant RTI2018-098156-B-C52 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way to make Europe”. Grant 2021-GRIN-31042 funded by Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Grant 2019-PREDUCLM-10703 funded by Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and by “ESF Investing in your future”. Grant DIN2018-010177 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
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Garrido-Hidalgo, C., Roda-Sanchez, L., Olivares, T., Ramírez, F.J., Fernández-Caballero, A. (2022). Multi-agent LoRaWAN Network for End-of-Life Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries. In: Ferrández Vicente, J.M., Álvarez-Sánchez, J.R., de la Paz López, F., Adeli, H. (eds) Bio-inspired Systems and Applications: from Robotics to Ambient Intelligence. IWINAC 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13259. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06527-9_50
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