Skip to main content

Using Multi-level Segmentation Features for Document Image Classification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13237))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1698 Accesses

Abstract

Document Image classification is a crucial step in the processing pipeline for many purposes (e.g. indexing, OCR, keyword spotting) and is being applied at early stages. At this point, textual information about the document (OCR) is usually not available and additional features are required in order to achieve higher recognition accuracy. On the other hand, one may have reliable segmentation information (e.g. text block, paragraph, line, word, symbol segmentation results), extracted also at pre-processing stages. In this paper, visual features are fused with segmentation analysis results in a novel integrated workflow and end-to-end training can be easily applied. Significant improvements on popular datasets (Tobacco-3482 and RVL-CDIP) are presented, when compared to state-of-the-art methodologies which consider visual features.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.piop.gr/en/vivliothiki.aspx.

  2. 2.

    http://culdile.bookscanner.gr.

  3. 3.

    https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract.

  4. 4.

    https://github.com/facebookresearch/fastText.

  5. 5.

    https://www.tensorflow.org.

  6. 6.

    https://cloud.google.com/vision.

  7. 7.

    https://www.piop.gr/en/vivliothiki.aspx.

  8. 8.

    http://culdile.bookscanner.gr.

  9. 9.

    https://www.snf.org/en/.

References

  1. Shin, C.K., Doermann, D.S.: Document image retrieval based on layout structural similarity. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, & Pattern Recognition (IPCV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 606–612 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, S., He, Y., Sun, J., Naoi, S.: Structured document classification by matching local salient features. In: 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Tsukuba Science City, Japan, pp. 1558–1561 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kumar, J., Ye, P., Doermann, D.: Structural similarity for document image classification and retrieval. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 43, 119–126 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Harley, A.W., Ufkes, A., Derpanis, K.G.: Evaluation of deep convolutional nets for document image classification and retrieval. In: 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Nancy, France, pp. 991–995 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Afzal, M.Z., Kölsch, A., Liwicki, S.A.M.: Cutting the error by half: investigation of very deep CNN and advanced training strategies for document image classification. In: 14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Kyoto, Japan, pp. 883–890 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Das, A., Roy, S., Bhattacharya, U., Parui, S.K.: Document image classification with intra-domain transfer learning and stacked generalization of deep convolutional neural networks. In: 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Beijing, China, pp. 3180–3185 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Audebert, N., Herold, C., Slimani, K., Vidal, C.: Multimodal deep networks for text and image-based document classification. In: Cellier, P., Driessens, K. (eds.) ECML PKDD 2019. CCIS, vol. 1167, pp. 427–443. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43823-4_35

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Asim, M.N., Khan, M.U.G., Malik, M.I., Razzaque, K., Dengel, A., Ahmed, S.: Two stream deep network for document image classification. In: 15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1410–1416 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ferrando, J., et al.: Improving accuracy and speeding up document image classification through parallel systems. In: Krzhizhanovskaya, V.V., et al. (eds.) ICCS 2020. LNCS, vol. 12138, pp. 387–400. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50417-5_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Kang, L., Kumar, J., Ye, P., Li, Y., Doermann, D.: Convolutional neural networks for document image classification. In: 22th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 3168–3172 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Afzal, M.Z., et al.: DeepDocClassifier: document classification with deep convolutional neural network. In: 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Nancy, France, pp. 1273–1278 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Csurka, G., Larlus, D., Gordo, A., Almazan, J.: What is the right way to represent document images?. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.01076 (2016)

  13. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: 26th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), Harrah’s Lake Tahoe, USA, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556 (2014)

  15. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 770–778 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Szegedy, C., et al.: Going deeper with convolutions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Boston, USA, pp. 1–9 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tensmeyer, C., Martinez, T.: Analysis of convolutional neural networks for document image classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.03273 (2017)

  18. Noce, L., Gallo, I., Zamberletti, A., Calefati A.: Embedded textual content for document image classification with convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Document Engineering (DocEng), Vienna, Austria, pp. 165–173 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tan, M., Le, Q.: EfficientNet: rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (PMLR), Long Beach, California, pp. 6105–6114 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistic (NAACL), Mineapolis, Minesota, USA, pp. 4171–4186 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Xu, Y., Li, M., Cui, L., Huang, S., Wei, F., Zhou, M.: LayoutLM: pre-training of text and layout for document image understanding. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery (SIGKDD), pp. 1192–1200 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(6), 1137–1149 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Smith, L.N.: Cyclical learning rates for training neural networks. In: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), Santa Rosa, California, USA, pp. 464–472 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Miami, Florida, USA, pp. 248–255 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the RESEARCH-CREATE-INNOVATE call (project code: T1EDK-03785 and acronym: CULDILE) as well as by the program of Industrial Scholarships of Stavros Niarchos FoundationFootnote 9.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Panagiotis Kaddas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kaddas, P., Gatos, B. (2022). Using Multi-level Segmentation Features for Document Image Classification. In: Uchida, S., Barney, E., Eglin, V. (eds) Document Analysis Systems. DAS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13237. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_47

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_47

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-06554-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-06555-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics