Abstract
Anomaly detection is a very critical and significant data analysis mission given the raft of cyber-attacks these days. Used to identify thought-provoking and emerging patterns, predispositions, and irregularities in the data, it is an important tool to perceive abnormalities in many different domains, including security, finance, power automation, health, computer network intrusion detection, etc. Deep learning-based AutoEncoders have shown great potential in identifying anomalies. However, state-of-the-art anomaly scores are still based on reconstruction errors, which do not take advantage of the available anomalous data samples during the training phase. Towards this direction, we demonstrate a novel extension to the AutoEncoder that not only maintains the AutoEncoder’s ability to discover non-linear features of non-anomalies but also uses the existing anomalous samples to assist in learning the features of the data better. Since the model architecture is designed to have two encoders and one decoder network, we name our model as Bifold-Encoder Uni-Decoder (BEUD) network. In this paper, we discuss two different ways of using the BEUD model to predict the anomalies in the data. BEUD is conceptually analogous to AutoEncoder but empirically more powerful. The experimental results of this architecture demonstrated a fairly good performance compared to the standard AutoEncoder architecture evaluated for the anomaly detection task.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zhai, S., Cheng, Y., Lu, W., Zhang, Z.: Deep structured energy based models for anomaly detection. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (2016)
Nalisnick, E., Matsukawa, A., Teh, Y.W., Gorur, D., Lakshminarayanan, B.: Do deep generative models know what they don’t know? In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2019)
Choi, H., Jang, E., Alemi, A.A.: WAIC, but why? Generative ensembles for robust anomaly detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.01392 (2018)
Nalisnick, E., Matsukawa, A., Teh, Y.W., Lakshminarayanan, B.: Detecting out-of-distribution inputs to deep generative models using a test for typicality. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.02994 (2019)
Du, Y., Mordatch, I.: Implicit generation and modeling with energy based models. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019)
Ren, J., et al.: Likelihood ratios for out-of-distribution detection. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019)
Serrà, J., Álvarez, D., Gómez, V., Slizovskaia, O., Núñez, J.F., Luque, J.: Input complexity and out-of-distribution detection with likelihood-based generative models. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020)
Grathwohl, W., Wang, K.-C., Jacobsen, J.-H., Duvenaud, D., Norouzi, M., Swersky, K.: Your classifier is secretly an energy based model and you should treat it like one. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020)
Schlegl, T., Seeböck, P., Waldstein, S.M., Schmidt-Erfurth, U., Langs, G.: Unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks to guide marker discovery. In: International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging (2017)
Zong, B., et al.: Deep autoencoding gaussian mixture model for unsupervised anomaly detection. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2018)
Deecke, L., Vandermeulen, R., Ruff, L., Mandt, S., Kloft, M.: Image anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks. In: Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (2018)
Pidhorskyi, S., Almohsen, R., Doretto, G.: Generative probabilistic novelty detection with adversarial autoencoders. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2018)
Perera, P., Nallapati, R., Xiang, B.: OCGAN: one-class novelty detection using GANs with constrained latent representations. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2019)
Choi, S., Chung, S.-Y.: Novelty detection via blurring. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020)
Schölkopf, B., Williamson, R.C., Smola, A.J., et al.: Support vector method for novelty detection. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2000)
Ruff, L., Vandermeulen, R., Goernitz, N., et al.: Deep one-class classification. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (2018)
Golan, I., El-Yaniv, R.: Deep anomaly detection using geometric transformations. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2018)
Hendrycks, D., Mazeika, M., Kadavath, S., Song, D.: Using self-supervised learning can improve model robustness and uncertainty. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019)
Bergman, L., Hoshen, Y.: Classification-based anomaly detection for general data. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020)
Hendrycks, D., Lee, K., Mazeika, M.: Using pre-training can improve model robustness and uncertainty. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (2019)
Lacruz, F., Saniie, J.: Applications of machine learning in fintech credit card fraud detection. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT). IEEE (2021)
He, K., Fan, H., Wu, Y., Xie, S., Girshick, R.: Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 9729–9738 (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rajesh, M., Kulkarni, C., Shylaja, S.S. (2022). BEUD: Bifold-Encoder Uni-Decoder Based Network for Anomaly Detection. In: Ciucci, D., et al. Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. IPMU 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1602. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08974-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08974-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08973-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08974-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)