Abstract
In 2019, New York State Education Department announced 54.6% of all students in grades 3 to 8 not meeting the standard of reading proficiency. Motivated by the need for a more efficient intervention model, we propose a recommender system to leverage the technology in machine learning to recommend suitable reading materials for effective intervention. The recommendation is based on the student’s prior reading comprehension assessments and also assessments of other students at the same grade level using collaborative filtering. No other prior academic or demographic information of students is available. Two main challenges are lack of explicit ratings of reading passages by students and the small data size. Both are addressed in this paper. BERT is applied to determine the textual evidence of a question, and linguistic properties are extracted to generate a continuous rating for a question answered by a student to reflect the skill level of the student. The difficulty level of a passage is determined by the associated multiple-choice questions. The system is trained with a collection of fourth grade New York English Language Arts assessments. The training dataset is augmented with synthetic data using SMOTE for better generalizability. Our system achieves 75.7% in accuracy and 59.23% in F1-score.
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Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by grants from NSF-CHS Award 1543639, Taiwan MOST Award 109-2221-E-194-040 and PSC-CUNY Research Award 65406-00-53.
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Liu, MC., Lin, WY., Tsai, CL. (2022). Computer-Aided Response-to-Intervention for Reading Comprehension Based on Recommender System. In: Rodrigo, M.M., Matsuda, N., Cristea, A.I., Dimitrova, V. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13355. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11644-5_42
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