Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Supporting Smart Mobility in Smart Cities Through Autonomous Driving Buses: A Comparative Analysis

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Electronic Government (EGOV 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13391))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1353 Accesses

Abstract

As more and more people are moving to bigger cities, housing is becoming less and less available and cities are becoming more congested due to the high number of people and their cars. This leads to increased traffic, congestion, air pollution and degradation of quality of life. One approach to deal with this problem is to operate autonomously driving buses through artificial intelligence and internet of things. This paper compares four projects with autonomous driving buses. The aim is to find out, what added value such projects bring to smart cities. Findings indicate that well-implemented autonomous buses can reduce air and noise pollution, reduce congestion, and improve safety. In the paper, we identify enablers and challenges for autonomous driving from the four cases. While artificial intelligence and internet of things pose the biggest challenges in terms of scalability and interoperability, these disruptive technologies are also the biggest enablers, as these make the deployment of autonomous driving buses possible in the first place. The new data from the internet of things open up new possibilities for planning and operating autonomous busses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe/missions-horizon-europe_en (last access: June 5, 2022).

  2. 2.

    Ibid. A sustainable and climate neutral smart city is also part of the mission objectives of the Horizon Europe program.

  3. 3.

    https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/pilotprojekt_autonom-fahrende-postautos-in-sitten/41848488 (last retrieved 30.07.2021).

  4. 4.

    https://www.postauto.ch/de/projekt-uvrier (last retrieved 30.07.2021).

  5. 5.

    https://press.zf.com/press/de/releases/release_32320.html (last access: June 5, 2022).

  6. 6.

    https://www.emo-berlin.de/de/projekte/see-meile/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  7. 7.

    Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe: https://www.bvg.de/de (last access: June 5, 2022).

  8. 8.

    https://www.easymile.com/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  9. 9.

    https://www.tu-berlin.de/ztg/menue/startseite_ztg/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  10. 10.

    https://www.berlin.de/ba-reinickendorf/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2019/pressemitteilung.838170.php (last access: June 5, 2022).

  11. 11.

    https://www.hamburg.de/pressearchiv-fhh/10120472/2017-12-20-bwvi-projekt-heat/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  12. 12.

    https://www.hochbahn.de/de/projekte/das-projekt-heat (last access: June 5, 2022).

  13. 13.

    https://tavf.hamburg/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  14. 14.

    https://localmotors.com/mobility-and-innovation-the-deployment-of-the-olli-autonomous-shuttle-starts-in-turin/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  15. 15.

    https://www.sustainable-bus.com/smart-mobility/olli-debuts-in-italy-turin-deploys-the-3d-printed-driverless-shuttle/, https://www.ibm.com/blogs/industries/olli-ai-and-iot-autonomous-bus/, https://www.ibm.com/watson (last access: June 5, 2022).

  16. 16.

    https://tavf.hamburg/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  17. 17.

    https://www.ibm.com//watson (last access: June 5, 2022).

  18. 18.

    https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/olli-ai/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  19. 19.

    https://datasolut.com/machine-learning-vs-deep-learning/ (last access: June 5, 2022).

  20. 20.

    https://www.hochbahn.de/de/projekte/das-projekt-heat (last access: June 5, 2022).

References

  1. Falconer, G., Mitchell, S.: Smart city framework: a systematic process for enabling smart+connected communities. CISCO Internet Bus. Solut. Gr. 1–11 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Porru, S., Misso, F.E., Pani, F.E., Repetto, C.: Smart mobility and public transport: opportunities and challenges in rural and urban areas. J. Traffic Transp. Eng. 7(1), 88–97 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2019.10.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kalasek, R., Milanovic, N.P.: Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities, Vienna (2007). http://www.smartcity-ranking.eu/download/city_ranking_final.pdf. Accessed 5 June 2022

  4. Fayazi, S.A., Vahidi, A.: Vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) verification of a smart city intersection control scheme for autonomous vehicles. In: Conference on Control Technology and Applications, pp. 1575–1580 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA.2017.8062681

  5. Fleetwood, J.: Public health, ethics, and autonomous vehicles. Am. J. Public Health 107(4), 532–537 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Davidsson, P., Hajinasab, B., Holmgren, J., Jevinger, Ã…., Persson, J.A.: The fourth wave of digitalization and public transport: opportunities and challenges. Sustainability 8(12), 1248 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Keller, P.: Autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence, and the law. J. Robot. Artif. Intell. Law 1(2), 101–110 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Webster, J., Watson, R.T.: Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: writing a literature review. MIS Q. Manag. Inf. Syst. 26(2), xiii–xxiii (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. vom Brocke, J., Simons, A., Riemer, K., Niehaves, B., Plattfaut, R., Cleven, A.: Standing on the shoulders of giants: challenges and recommendations of literature search in information systems research. Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 37(9), 205–224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.03709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Anthopoulos, L.G.: Defining smart city architecture for sustainability. In: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation Conference, pp. 140–147 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-570-8-140

  11. Cocchia, A.: Smart and digital city: a systematic literature review. In: Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C. (eds.) Smart City. PI, pp. 13–43. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06160-3_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Harrison, C., et al.: Foundations for smarter cities. IBM J. Res. Dev. 54(4), 1–16 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2010.2048257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Costa, C., Santos, M.Y.: BASIS: a big data architecture for smart cities. In: Proceedings of 2016 SAI Computing Conference, pp. 1247–1256 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2016.7556139

  14. Dameri, R.P., Benevolo, C.: Governing smart cities: an empirical analysis. Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. 34(6), 693–707 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439315611093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bazzan, A.L.C., Klügl, F.: Introduction to intelligent systems in traffic and transportation. Synth. Lect. Artif. Intell. Mach. Lear. 7, 1–37 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bıyık, C., et al.: Smart mobility adoption: a review of the literature. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 7(146), 1–20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rovenský, J., Payer, J., Herold, M.: Smart mobility in smart city - action taxonomy, ICT intensity and public benefits. In: Rovenský, J., Payer, J., Herold, M. (eds.) Dictionary of Rheumatology, pp. 327–340. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21335-4_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M.: Smart cities and mobility: does the smartness of Australian cities lead to sustainable commuting patterns? J. Urban Technol. 26(2), 21–46 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2018.1476794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Cordella, A., Bonina, C.M.: A public value perspective for ICT enabled public sector reforms: a theoretical reflection. Gov. Inf. Q. 29(4), 512–520 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.03.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kostoff, R.N., Boylan, R., Simons, G.R.: Disruptive technology roadmaps. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 71(1–2), 141–159 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00048-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ronzhyn, A., et al.: Scientific foundations training and entrepreneurship activities in the domain of ICT- enabled governance report for electronic governance research and practice worldwide (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pereira, G.V., Wimmer, M., Ronzhyn, A.: Research needs for disruptive technologies in smart cities. In: ICEGOV 2020: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, pp. 620–627 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428594

  23. Li, D., Du, Y.: Artificial Intelligence with Uncertainty, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Bejing (2017)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. High-level expert group on artificial intelligence, a definition of AI: main capabilities and disciplines. Eur. Comm. 7 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Schwarting, W., Alonso-Mora, J., Rus, D.: Planning and decision-making for autonomous vehicles. Annu. Rev. Control. Robot. Auton. Syst. 1, 187–210 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Murphy, K.P.: Machine Learning - A Probabilistic Perspective. MIT Press (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/217994a0

  27. Davenport, T.H., Harris, J.G.: Automated decision making comes of age. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev. 46(4), 83–89 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  28. De Azambuja, L.S., Pereira, G.V., Krimmer, R.: Clearing the existing fog over the smart sustainable city concept: highlighting the importance of governance. In: Proceedings of ICEGOV 2020, pp. 628–637 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428595

  29. Yaqoob, I., Khan, L.U., Kazmi, S.M.A., Imran, M., Guizani, N., Hong, C.S.: Autonomous driving cars in smart cities: recent advances, requirements, and challenges. IEEE Netw. 34(1), 174–181 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2019.1900120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Campbell, M., Egerstedt, M., How, J.P., Murray, R.M.: Autonomous driving in urban environments: approaches, lessons and challenges. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 368(1928), 4649–4672 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0110

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Koblenz, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070, Koblenz, Germany

    Christopher Latz, Veronika Vasileva & Maria A. Wimmer

Authors
  1. Christopher Latz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Veronika Vasileva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria A. Wimmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria A. Wimmer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Marijn Janssen

  2. Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary

    Csaba Csáki

  3. Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Ida Lindgren

  4. University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece

    Euripidis Loukis

  5. Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Ulf Melin

  6. Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria

    Gabriela Viale Pereira

  7. University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar

  8. University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Efthimios Tambouris

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Latz, C., Vasileva, V., Wimmer, M.A. (2022). Supporting Smart Mobility in Smart Cities Through Autonomous Driving Buses: A Comparative Analysis. In: Janssen, M., et al. Electronic Government. EGOV 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13391. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15086-9_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15086-9_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15085-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15086-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Societies and partnerships

Search

Navigation