Abstract
In recent years, digital game-based learning (DGBL) has received more and more attention as a form of digital learning. This study used a portable eye tracker to explore the learners’ visual attention and cognitive process during DGBL. The study recruited 38 students in the third year of study in the school of information and design at a university in southern Taiwan. According to students’ performance in the English courses at the university, participants were divided into High Competence Group (n = 5), Intermediate Competence Group (n = 8), and Low Competence Group (n = 25). By collecting the participants’ eye movement data with eye tracker, eye movement indicators were acquired to investigate the correlation between the participants’ external behavior and cognitive process among regions of interest (ROIs). The finding results of this study were as follows: (1) The fixation sequence of ROIs from participants of different groups is different; (2) During the experiment, ROI3 (English definitions of the vocabulary) was the first ROI of fixation for participants of Intermediate and Low Competence Groups, showing a difference from participants of the High Competence Group in terms of visual attention during the first fixation; (3) By examining the total fixation duration and total fixation count of the ROIs from all participants, the same pattern can be found, indicating that as participants answered the questions in this DGBL context, their visual attention was distributed more towards the English definitions of the vocabulary, in order to successfully answer the vocabulary-related questions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sander, M.S., McCormick, E.J.: Human Factors in Engineering and Design. McGraw-Hill, New York (1987)
Just, M.A., Carpenter, P.A.: Eye fixations and cognitive processes. Cogn. Psychol. 8, 441–480 (1976)
Han, C.C., Tsai, J.L.: Eye tracker: a rising star in exploring science education. Sci. Educ. Mon. 310, 2–11 (2008)
Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124(3), 372 (1998)
Chen, H.C., Lai, H.D., Chiu, F.C.: Eye tracking technology for learning and education. J. Res. Educ. Sci. 55(4), 39–68 (2010)
Josephson, S., Holmes, M.E.: Attention to repeated images on the world wide web: another look at scan path theory. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 34(4), 539–548 (2002)
Pan, B., Hembrooke, H.A., Gay, G.K., Granka, L.A., Feusner, M.K., Newman, J.K.: The determinants of web page viewing behavior: an eye-tracking study. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 147–154. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2004)
Vernet, M., Kapoula, Z.: Binocular motor coordination during saccades and fixations while reading: a magnitude and time analysis. J. Vis. 9(7), 1–13 (2009)
Molina, A.I., Navarro, Ó., Oetrga, M., Lacruz, M.: Evaluating multimedia learning materials in primary education using eye tracking. Comput. Stand. Interf. 59, 45–60 (2018)
Mayer, R.E.: Unique contributions of eye-tracking research to the study of learning with graphics. Learn. Instr. 20(2), 167–171 (2010)
Tang, D.L., Chang, A.W.Y.: Exploring eye-tracking methodology in communication study. Chin. J. Commun. Res. 12, 165–211 (2007)
Zhang, X.B., Yuan, S.M., Chen, M.D., Liu, X.L.: A complete system for analysis of video lecture based on eye tracking. IEEE Access 6, 49056–49066 (2018)
Holsanova, J., Holmberg, N., Holmqvist, K.: Reading information graphics: the role of spatial contiguity and dual attentional guidance. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 23, 1215–1226 (2009)
Tsai, F.H., Yu, K.C., Hsiao, H.S.: Exploring the factors that influence learning behaviors and learning transfer in digital game-based learning. J. Res. Educ. Sci. 55(2), 167–206 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, C.C., Chen, H.C., Hung, J.C. (2022). Employing Portable Eye Tracking Technology in Visual Attention of Cognitive Process: A Case Study of Digital Game-Based Learning. In: Huang, YM., Cheng, SC., Barroso, J., Sandnes, F.E. (eds) Innovative Technologies and Learning. ICITL 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13449. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15273-3_53
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15273-3_53
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15272-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15273-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)