Abstract
Monitoring applications are increasingly important to enable predictive maintenance and real-time anomaly detection in industrial and civil safety-critical infrastructures. Typical monitoring pipelines consist of a sensor network that collects and streams IoT data toward a cloud infrastructure that provides storage, visualisation and data analytic capabilities. However, since critical data generated must be often retained for regulatory and tracking purposes, cloud storage requirements become poorly sustainable when dealing with critical infrastructures that have to remain operative for decades while supporting lifelong continuous monitoring. While policies can be applied to remove redundant or outdated information, anti-tamper mechanisms are required to guarantee that data modifications are not driven by malicious intents to alter recorded data. This work presents a blockchain-based framework for continuous monitoring applications enabling certified removal of IoT data in safety-critical databases. The framework allows for the deployment of data-evaluation policies to identify redundant/outdated measurements flowing in the database and, therefore, mark them as eligible for removal. The novelty of our approach stands in the implementation of the data-evaluation policy as a smart contract. Furthermore, the use of a blockchain ensures that critical database operations (like removal) are tamper-proof and compliant with the guideline determined by system stakeholders. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in a real case study using accelerometer data of a bridge monitoring application, and we characterise the overhead of transactions to the blockchain.
N. Elia—Acknowledges support from TIM S.p.A. through the PhD scholarship.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Browse the repository at: gitlab.com/ecs-lab/hyper-watchdog.
References
Adere, E.M.: Blockchain in healthcare and IoT: a systematic literature review. Array 14, 100139 (2022)
Aguzzi, C., et al.: Modron: a scalable and interoperable web of things platform for structural health monitoring. In: 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC) (2021)
Androulaki, E., et al.: Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference (2018)
Bartoletti, M., et al.: A journey into bitcoin metadata. J. Grid Comput. 17(1), 3–22 (2019)
Bashir, I.: Mastering Blockchain. Packt Publishing Ltd., Birmingham (2017)
Bonneau, J., et al.: SoK: research perspectives and challenges for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. In: 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE (2015)
Borghesi, A., et al.: ExaMon-X: a predictive maintenance framework for automatic monitoring in industrial IoT systems. IEEE Internet Things J. (2021)
Buterin, V., et al.: Ethereum: a next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform (2014)
Christidis, K., et al.: Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE Access 4, 2292–2303 (2016)
Dai, H., et al.: Blockchain for internet of things: a survey. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(5), 8076–8094 (2019)
Zonzini, F., et al.: Structural health monitoring and prognostic of industrial plants and civil structures: a sensor to cloud architecture. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 23(9), 21–27 (2020)
Farrar, C., et al.: Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective. Wiley, Hoboken (2012)
Gigli, L., et al.: Blockchain and web of things for structural health monitoring applications: a proof of concept. In: 2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC) (2022)
Griggs, K., et al.: Healthcare blockchain system using smart contracts for secure automated remote patient monitoring. J. Med. Syst. 42(7), 1–7 (2018)
He, S., et al.: BoSMoS: a blockchain-based status monitoring system for defending against unauthorized software updating in industrial internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(2), 948–959 (2019)
Helebrandt, P., et al.: Blockchain adoption for monitoring and management of enterprise networks. In: 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), pp. 1221–1225. IEEE (2018)
Jeong, S., et al.: Sensor data reconstruction and anomaly detection using bidirectional recurrent neural network. In: Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2019, vol. 10970, pp. 157–167 (2019)
Košt’ál, K., et al.: Management and monitoring of IoT devices using blockchain. Sensors 19(4), 856 (2019)
Li, H., et al.: Reviews on innovations and applications in structural health monitoring for infrastructures. Struct. Monit. Maint. 1(1), 1–45 (2014)
Lynch, J., et al.: Structural health monitoring: technological advances to practical implementations. Proc. IEEE 104(8), 1508–1512 (2016)
Reyer, M., et al.: Design of a wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring of bridges. In: 2011 Fifth International Conference on Sensing Technology, pp. 515–520. IEEE (2011)
Reyna, A., et al.: On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 88, 173–190 (2018)
Sabato, A., et al.: Wireless mems-based accelerometer sensor boards for structural vibration monitoring: a review. IEEE Sens. J. 17(2), 226–235 (2016)
Sidorov, M., Khor, J.H., Nhut, P.V., Matsumoto, Y., Ohmura, R.: A public blockchain-enabled wireless LoRa sensor node for easy continuous unattended health monitoring of bolted joints: implementation and evaluation. IEEE Sens. J. 20(21), 13057–13065 (2020)
Szabo, N.: Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday (1997)
Tang, Z., et al.: Convolutional neural network-based data anomaly detection method using multiple information for structural health monitoring. Struct. Control. Health Monit. 26(1), e2296 (2019)
Uddin, M.A., Stranieri, A., Gondal, I., Balasubramanian, V.: A survey on the adoption of blockchain in IoT: challenges and solutions. Blockchain Res. Appl. 2(2), 100006 (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Elia, N. et al. (2022). Smart Contracts for Certified and Sustainable Safety-Critical Continuous Monitoring Applications. In: Chiusano, S., Cerquitelli, T., Wrembel, R. (eds) Advances in Databases and Information Systems. ADBIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13389. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15740-0_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15740-0_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15739-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15740-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)