Skip to main content

Commentary on Biological Assets Cataloging and AI in the Global South

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Systems and Applications (IntelliSys 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 544))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The Global South is rich in biodiversity, and with that richness of Biological Assets, the continued discovery of new agricultural products, pharmaceuticals, and other industrially beneficial bio-resources is possible. However, this biodiversity can also be a source of biologically dangerous materials. Key to gaining the ability to discover, sort, utilize, and properly evaluate these resources at pace with the Global North will require highly efficient means. This will likely rely on 4th Industrial Revolution technologies. One that is gaining traction is artificial intelligence. An under discussed topic is how the Global South is treating the intersection of their assets with AI, along with the capability to address this intersection. It is possible that vulnerabilities in cataloging endanger efforts which could obscure, misrepresent, or slow discovery and management of resources apparent. Herein, a commentary is provided on this potential, and possibly extant threat of academic distributed denial of service attacks (DDOS attacks), robbing the world of valuable insight and time in defending against novel threats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ficetola, G.F., Canedoli, C., Stoch, F.: The Racovitzan impediment and the hidden biodiversity of unexplored environments. Conserv. Biol. 33(1), 214–216 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Forrest, A.: The Panthalassa project: the future of ocean research for conservation. Conserv. Lett. 13(6), e12743 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kristensen, N.P., et al.: Extinction rate of discovered and undiscovered plants in Singapore. Conserv. Biol. 34(5), 1229–1240 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mora, C., Tittensor, D.P., Adl, S., Simpson, A.G.B., Worm, B.: How many species are there on earth and in the ocean? PLOS Biol. 9(8), e1001127 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Martin, C.: A global view of funding for the plant sciences. Curr. Biol. 21(11) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bromham, L., Dinnage, R., Hua, X.: Interdisciplinary research has consistently lower funding success. Nature 534(7609), 684–687 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Anthony, S.J., et al.: Global patterns in coronavirus diversity. Virus Evol. 3(1) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Su, S., et al.: Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 24(6), 490–502 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. George, A.M.: The national security implications of cyberbiosecurity. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 7(51) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  10. de Groot, A.C., Toonstra, J.: 10. In: Casuïstiek in de dermatologie deel I, pp. 35–36. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7627-8_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Leite, M.J.H., et al.: Ecological variability prediction based on functional characteristics of an urban rainforest. J. Exp. Agric. Int. 1–12 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Stropp, J., Umbelino, B., Correia, R.A., Campos-Silva, J.V., Ladle, R.J., Malhado, A.C.M.: The ghosts of forests past and future: deforestation and botanical sampling in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecography (Cop.) 43(7), 979–989 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bohannon, J.: Scientific publishing. Hoax-detecting software spots fake papers. Science 348(6230), 18–19 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Labbé, C., Labbé, D.: Duplicate and fake publications in the scientific literature: how many SCIgen papers in computer science? Scientometrics 94(1) (2012). 10https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0781-y

  15. Krassowski, M., Das, V., Sahu, S.K., Misra, B.B.: State of the field in multi-omics research: from computational needs to data mining and sharing. Front. Genet. 11, 1598 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chakraborty, I., Choudhury, A.: Artificial intelligence in biological data. J. Inf. Technol. Softw. Eng. 07(04), 207 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jumper, J., et al.: Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nat. 5967873, 596(7873), 583–589 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Caudai, C., et al.: AI applications in functional genomics. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 19, 5762–5790 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Reymond, J.L., Awale, M.: Exploring chemical spacefor drug discovery using the chemical universe database. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 3(9), 649 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Muhammad, U., Uzairu, A., Ebuka Arthur, D.: Review on: quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. J. Anal. Pharm. Res. 7(2) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fathima, A.J., Revathy, R., Balamurali, S., Murugaboopathi, G.: Prediction of dengue-human protein interaction using artificial neural network for anti-viral drug discovery. In: Prediction of Dengue-Human Protein Interaction using Artificial Neural Network for Anti-viral Drug Discovery (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Urbina, F., Lentzos, F., Invernizzi, C., Ekins, S.: Dual use of artificial-intelligence-powered drug discovery. Nat. Mach. Intell. 43(4, 3), 189–191 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, W., et al.: A systematic review of machine learning models for predicting outcomes of stroke with structured data. PLoS One 15(6), e0234722 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zuiderwijk, A., Chen, Y.C., Salem, F.: Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: a systematic literature review and a research agenda. Gov. Inf. Q. 38(3), 101577 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shaw, J., Rudzicz, F., Jamieson, T., Goldfarb, A.: Artificial intelligence and the implementation challenge. J. Med. Internet Res. 21(7), e13659 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brown, S., -Suny Korea, Korea, S.: Artificial Intelligence In The Global South (Ai4d): Potential And Risks (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hooker, S.: Moving beyond ‘algorithmic bias is a data problem.’ Patterns 2(4), 100241 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gehl Sampath, P.: Governing artificial intelligence in an age of inequality. Glob. Policy 12(S6), 21–31 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Norman, I.D., Aikins, M., Binka, F.N., Nyarko, K.M.: Hospital all-risk emergency preparedness in ghana. Ghana Med. J. 46(1), 34 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Davies, M.: Biometrics, surveillance technologies and the rise of the ‘security state’ in South Africa (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Thiel, A.: Biometric identification technologies and the Ghanaian data revolution. J. Mod. Afr. Stud. 58(1), 115–136 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Devakunchari, R.: Analysis on big data over the years. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 4(1), 1-7 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  33. FakhrulAlamOnik, M., Anam, K., Sabir Salman, S., Musawi, A., Rashid, N.: A secured cloud based health care data management system. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 49(12), 24–30 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Jordan, S.B., Fenn, S.L., Shannon, B.B.: Transparency as threat at the intersection of artificial intelligence and cyberbiosecurity. Computer (Long. Beach. Calif), 53(10), 59–68 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Diane, D.E.: Biodata risks and synthetic biology: a critical juncture. J. Bioterror Biodef. 9(1), 159 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Millett, K., dos Santos, E., Millett, P.D.: Cyber-biosecurity risk perceptions in the biotech sector. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 136 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Murch, R.S., So, W.K., Buchholz, W.G., Raman, S., Peccoud, J.: cyberbiosecurity: an emerging new discipline to help safeguard the bioeconomy. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 6, APR (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Potter, L., Ayala, O., Palmer, X.L.: Biocybersecurity -- A Converging Threat as an Auxiliary to War (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mirkovic, J., Reiher, P.: A taxonomy of DDoS attack and DDoS defense mechanisms. Comput. Commun. Rev. 34(2), 39–53 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Balehegn, M.: Increased publication in predatory journals by developing countries’ institutions: what it entails? and what can be done? Int. Inf. Libr. Rev. 49(2), 97–100 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Ifijeh, G., Iwu-James, J., Izuagbe, R., Nwaogu, H.: Faculty using e-journals in developing countries. Faculty Roles Changing Expect. New Age, 156–175 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sathian, B.: Methodological rigors in medical journals from developing countries: an appraisal of the scenario in Asia. Nepal J. Epidemiol. 1(5), 141–143 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Barabanov, O.N., Maslova, E.A.: The concept of global commons as a factor of global instability. Mirovaya Ekon. i mezhdunarodnye Otnos. 63(8), 55–63 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chukwu, M.: Projects of economic and social development in the global south: the 20th and 21st-century developmental trends and their impacts. In: 2020 Symposium Posters, May 2020

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bello, G., Alabi, H.I., Ahmed, A.R., Sulaiman, M.M., Bello, Z.A., Bello, A.A.: Biology education and bio entrepreneur opportunities in Nigeria. Niger. Online J. Educ. Sci. Technol. 1(2), 1–17 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kosaki, T., Lal, R., Reyes Sánchez, L.B., Kosaki, T., Lal, R., Reyes Sánchez, L.B.: Soil Education Manual - Toolbox for DIY program at your classroom’ by International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), EGUGA, p. 21359 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Wamuchiru, E., Moulaert, F.: Thinking through ALMOLIN: the community bio-centre approach in water and sewerage service provision in Nairobi’s informal settlements. J. Environ. Plann. Manag. 51(12), 2166–2185 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1389699

  48. Kong, D.S., Bakker, N., Kong, D.S., Bakker, N.: Community driven design of living technologies. In: Proceedings of the 15th Participatory Design Conference: Short Papers, Situated Actions, Workshops and Tutorial-Volume 2- 2 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gruber, K.: Biohackers: a growing number of amateurs join the do-it-yourself molecular biology movement outside academic laboratories. EMBO Rep. 20(6), e48397 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sarpong, D., Ofosu, G., Botchie, D., Clear, F.: Do-it-yourself (DiY) science: the proliferation, relevance and concerns. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 158, 120127 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Tylecote, A.: Biotechnology as a new techno-economic paradigm that will help drive the world economy and mitigate climate change. Res. Policy 48(4), 858–868 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Castro, D., New, J.: The Promise of Artificial Intelligence – Center for Data Innovation (2016). https://datainnovation.org/2016/10/the-promise-of-artificial-intelligence/. Accessed 03 Apr 2022

  53. Falzon, G., et al.: ClassifyMe: a field-scouting software for the identification of wildlife in camera trap images. Anim. 10(1), 58 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Vanhove, M.P.M., Rochette, A.J., Janssens de Bisthoven, L.: Joining science and policy in capacity development for monitoring progress towards the Aichi biodiversity targets in the global South. Ecol. Indic. 73, 694–697 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors have received no external funding for this work. However, parts of this work that concern biocybersecurity have been presented and or archived at prior conferences, including Blacks in Cybersecurity/Biohacking Village, International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security/European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, and The Global Community Bio Summit.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saltuk Karahan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Samori, I.A., Palmer, XL., Potter, L., Karahan, S. (2023). Commentary on Biological Assets Cataloging and AI in the Global South. In: Arai, K. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. IntelliSys 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 544. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16075-2_54

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics