Abstract
Sustainability is a moral principle. Programming on behalf of societies, in the individual areas of human growth, becomes necessary in order to ensure their sustainable function and to achieve aligned and controlled growth. To achieve the principles of sustainable development, humans are constantly developing tools trying to manage the ever-changing information about the planet, the human community and technology and to define strategies that support the sustainable development and consumption of goods. Conserving cultural heritage for the next generations concerns the viability of our planet and is necessary for the smooth progress of technological development in ways that do not disrupt the future survival. The protection of the natural/anthropogenic environment is closely linked and the responsibility corresponding to the field of cultural heritage conservation, in terms of local/environmental level, has not yet been investigated thoroughly. Environmental protection through options and strategies is a new issue in Conservators’ Community.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
The Greek Ombudsman has long been concerned with the protection of cultural heritage and has proposed the cooperation of the relevant ministries, identifying problems and possible solutions for the creation of a grid of logistics for the cultural stock of Greece (reports on Thission and the Historic Center of Athens).
- 3.
L. 3028/2002,2nd article.
- 4.
See the Greek Ombudsman’s documents, professors of NTUA and other universities efforts. The importance of sustainability and protection of cultural resources for future generations and the proposal to manage the collections in the light of the holistic treatment of monuments, with the contribution of available technology engaged an ongoing doctoral research by Mavromati Eleftheria, entitled “Conservation study and proposals of sustainable management for the masks at the National Theatre of Greece”, supervised by Karatzani Anna, University of West Attica.
- 5.
The 11th goal of the 2030 agenda refers to the creation of sustainable cities and environment.
- 6.
Law 3028/2002, articles 1 to 3 et seq., In which the protection refers both to the protected culturally monuments and to their surrounding area.
- 7.
At California Academy of Sciences for example, the green living roof of the institution provides the building excellent insulation, which reduces energy needed for heating and cooling; it captures the excess rain water, which reduces pollutants carried into the ecosystem and turns carbon dioxide into oxygen. The roof is also bursting with native plants that provide an ecosystem for birds and insects. Similarly, universities in Northern Europe are looking for alternative sources of deionized water and find solutions by melting snow or purifying water with the help of the sun [15]. At the National Theatre of Greece, where the PhD research on theatrical masks is carried out, they reuse props, masks and garments, with appropriate alterations, thus reducing the overconsumption of materials, the mismanagement of human resources and the waste of materials and objects. Typical examples of alternative materials can also be found in the article by Balliana et al. [18].
- 8.
The STiCH platform which is being prepared, will provide data on the energy footprint of materials, their composition and various data with which the Conservator will be able to choose the most environmentally friendly material [17].
- 9.
A network called “Sic: Sustainability for Conservation” has been set up in Europe, which aims to inform and train students and scientists to use their knowledge in the environment where they work, study and act. Volunteer conservators also become ambassadors to bring the concept and sustainable practices to the community.
- 10.
Typical examples of archaeological sites where the flora and fauna of the surrounding area of the monuments is protected are the Acropolis in Athens and the archaeological site of Eleusis.
- 11.
The project was implemented under the calls 65 and 172 of the Information Society and was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (80%) and by national resources (20%). The Digitized Archive of the National Theatre of Greece includes its collections from 1932 to 2005, with rare and sometimes unique material.
- 12.
Mask information, condition, performance title and actors, materials, conservation actions, etc.
- 13.
Such as soil, water, natural areas and coastal zones.
- 14.
Green materials have been extensively discussed in the article by Balliana et al. [18] → 18. Also, ICCROM recommends the sustainable dimension through which actions for the preservation of cultural heritage should be carried out, by reducing the energy footprint of cultural institutions, seeking alternative renewable energy sources, environmentally sustainable building design, passive climate control, LED-lighting technology and use of green chemistry [12] → 12.
- 15.
Indirect background: linked industrial processes, economic models, national resource etc.
- 16.
It can be applied at all stages of conservation, in the selection of conservation materials, conservation tools, storage and display of cultural objects. Biocides for example must follow the lines of the REACH Regulation and the principles of prevention and precaution. The aim is human and environmental sustainability and sustainable development.
- 17.
See the article by Sousa M. et al. [35].
- 18.
In Balliana et al. [18], it is proposed to inform conservators about “green” alternative products and their protocols and the holistic approach of any restoration project.
- 19.
Articles have been published the Last 20Â years for the parallel protection of natural/cultural environment and their conservation, available if requested.
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We are thankful to Ifigeneia Sagia, Lawyer LLM Master 2, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas, for her contribution to the article translation, ifigeneia.sag@gmail.com.
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Mavromati, E., Karatzani, A. (2022). Sustainable Management of Cultural Heritage. The Science of Conservation in the Transition Towards a Global Sustainable Model. In: Moropoulou, A., Georgopoulos, A., Doulamis, A., Ioannides, M., Ronchi, A. (eds) Trandisciplinary Multispectral Modelling and Cooperation for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage. TMM_CH 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1574. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20253-7_19
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