Abstract
Digital money can be implemented efficiently by avoiding consensus. However, no-consensus designs are fundamentally limited, as they cannot support general smart contracts, and similarly they cannot deal with conflicting transactions.
We present a novel protocol that combines the benefits of an asynchronous, broadcast-based digital currency, with the capacity to perform consensus. This is achieved by selectively performing consensus a posteriori, i.e., only when absolutely necessary. Our on-demand consensus comes at the price of restricting the Byzantine participants to be less than a one-fifth minority in the system, which is the optimal threshold.
We formally prove the correctness of our system and present an open-source implementation, which inherits many features from the Ethereum ecosystem.
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Sliwinski, J., Vonlanthen, Y., Wattenhofer, R. (2022). Consensus on Demand. In: Devismes, S., Petit, F., Altisen, K., Di Luna, G.A., Fernandez Anta, A. (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems. SSS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13751. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21017-4_20
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