Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Modelling of the Internet Computer Protocol Architecture: The Next Generation Blockchain

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Blockchain and Applications, 4th International Congress (BLOCKCHAIN 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 595))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The Internet Computer Protocol is described as a third-generation blockchain system that aims to provide secure and scalable distributed systems through blockchains and smart contracts. In this position paper, this innovative architecture is introduced and then discussed in view of its modeling and simulation aspects. In fact, a properly defined digital twin of the Internet Computer Protocol could help its design, development, and evaluation in terms of performance and resilience to specific security attacks. To this extent, we propose a multi-level simulation model that follows an agent-based paradigm. The main issues of the modeling and simulation, and the main expected outcomes, are described and discussed.

This work has received funding from the EU H2020 research and innovation programme under the MSCA ITN grant agreement No 814177 LAST-JD-RIoE; and the research grant (No.: RP/ESCA-04/2020) offered by Macao Polytechnic University.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Authors are not sponsored or affiliated in any way with the DFINITY Foundation which is the not-for-profit organization that develops the Internet Computer.

References

  1. Alharby, M., van Moorsel, A.: Blocksim: a simulation framework for blockchain systems. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. 46(3), 135–138 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Becker, M., Bodó, B.: Trust in blockchain-based systems. Internet Policy Rev. 10(2) (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boneh, D., Lynn, B., Shacham, H.: Short signatures from the Weil pairing. In: International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, pp. 514–532. Springer (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Buterin, V., et al.: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. White Paper 3(37) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. D’Angelo, G., Ferretti, S.: Highly intensive data dissemination in complex networks. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 99, 28–50 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. D’Angelo, G., Ferretti, S., Ghini, V.: Multi-level simulation of internet of things on smart territories. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 73, 3–21 (2017). Smart Cities and Internet of Things

    Google Scholar 

  7. D’Angelo, G., Ferretti, S., Marzolla, M.: A blockchain-based flight data recorder for cloud accountability. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains for Distributed Systems (CryBlock) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dfinity: a closer look at software canisters, an evolution of smart contracts (2021). https://medium.com/dfinity/software-canisters-an-evolution-of-smart-contracts-internet-computer-f1f92f1bfffb

  9. Dfinity: The network nervous system: governing the internet computer (2021). https://medium.com/dfinity/the-network-nervous-system-governing-the-internet-computer-1d176605d66a

  10. Dfinity: Resumption: how internet computer nodes quickly catch up to the blockchain’s latest state (2021). https://medium.com/dfinity/resumption-how-internet-computer-nodes-quickly-catch-up-to-the-blockchains-latest-state-5af6e53e2a7

  11. Dfinity: A technical overview of the internet computer (2021). https://medium.com/dfinity/a-technical-overview-of-the-internet-computer-f57c62abc20f

  12. Dfinity: Chain key cryptography: the scientific breakthrough behind the internet computer (2022). https://medium.com/dfinity/chain-key-technology-one-public-key-for-the-internet-computer-6a3644901e28

  13. Dfinity: Internet computer network status (2022). https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org

  14. Ferraro, P., King, C., Shorten, R.: Distributed ledger technology for smart cities, the sharing economy, and social compliance. IEEE Access 6, 62728–62746 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fujimoto, R.M.: Parallel and Distribution Simulation Systems, 1st edn. Wiley, USA (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Groth, J.: Non-interactive distributed key generation and key resharing. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2021/339 (2021). https://ia.cr/2021/339

  17. Huraux, T., Sabouret, N., Haradji, Y.: A multi-level model for multi-agent based simulation. In: ICAART (2), pp. 139–146 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jentzsch, C.: Decentralized autonomous organization to automate governance. White paper, November (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Khan, K.M., Malluhi, Q.: Establishing trust in cloud computing. IT Prof. 12(5), 20–27 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lei, I.S., Tang, S.K., Tse, R.: Integrating consortium blockchain into edge server to defense against ransomware attack. Procedia Comput. Sci. 177, 120–127 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Macal, C., North, M.: Introductory tutorial: agent-based modeling and simulation. In: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2014, pp. 6–20 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Memon, R.A., Li, J.P., Ahmed, J.: Simulation model for blockchain systems using queuing theory. Electronics 8(2) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decent. Bus. Rev. 21260 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nguyen, G.T., Kim, K.: A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain. J. Inf. Process. Syst. 14(1), 101–128 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Piriou, P.Y., Dumas, J.F.: Simulation of stochastic blockchain models. In: 2018 14th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC), pp. 150–157 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sadeeq, M.M., Abdulkareem, N.M., Zeebaree, S.R., Ahmed, D.M., Sami, A.S., Zebari, R.R.: IoT and cloud computing issues, challenges and opportunities: a review. Qubahan Acad. J. 1(2), 1–7 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Serena, L., D’Angelo, G., Ferretti, S.: Security analysis of distributed ledgers and blockchains through agent-based simulation. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 114, 102413 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shamir, A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Stoykov, L., Zhang, K., Jacobsen, H.A.: Vibes: fast blockchain simulations for large-scale peer-to-peer networks: demo. In: Proceedings of the 18th Middleware Conference: Posters and Demos, pp. 19–20. Association for Computing Machinery (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Subramanian, N., Jeyaraj, A.: Recent security challenges in cloud computing. Comput. Electr. Eng. 71, 28–42 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Team, D., et al.: The internet computer for geeks. Cryptology ePrint Archive (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zichichi, M., Ferretti, S., D’Angelo, G.: A framework based on distributed ledger technologies for data management and services in intelligent transportation systems. IEEE Access 100384–100402 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zichichi, M., Ferretti, S., D’angelo, G.: On the efficiency of decentralized file storage for personal information management systems. In: 2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), pp. 1–6 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China

    AoXuan Li & Su-Kit Tang

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Luca Serena & Gabriele D’Angelo

  3. Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Mirko Zichichi

  4. Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

    Stefano Ferretti

Authors
  1. AoXuan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luca Serena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mirko Zichichi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Su-Kit Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gabriele D’Angelo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Stefano Ferretti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to AoXuan Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Informática y Automática, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Javier Prieto

  2. Parque Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain

    Francisco Luis Benítez Martínez

  3. University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy

    Stefano Ferretti

  4. Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    David Arroyo Guardeño

  5. Facultad de Derecho, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Pedro Tomás Nevado-Batalla

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Li, A., Serena, L., Zichichi, M., Tang, SK., D’Angelo, G., Ferretti, S. (2023). Modelling of the Internet Computer Protocol Architecture: The Next Generation Blockchain. In: Prieto, J., Benítez Martínez, F.L., Ferretti, S., Arroyo Guardeño, D., Tomás Nevado-Batalla, P. (eds) Blockchain and Applications, 4th International Congress . BLOCKCHAIN 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 595. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21229-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics