Abstract
Modern intelligent health-based software nowadays is based on data-driven systems that collect data streams from wearable devices that perform continuous remote monitoring of patient parameters. The importance of such wearable devices and data streams is key because of their low cost, but also because they facilitate the building of a large number of solutions to multiple health-based problems. Despite of the easy manipulation of both, devices and their data streams; the necessary processes from collecting data to final analyses passing by data transformation and variable creation present an important flaw such as, it is the security of such data in applications that is mandatory. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) enable systems to be endowed with characteristics such as resistance to information manipulation or resilience to the appearance of single points of failure. DLT have the potential to build wearable-based solutions offering characteristics that would allow building a wider range of possible solutions. This contribution introduces Phonendo, a platform for collecting data streams from wearable devices and publishing them on a DLT Infrastructure (DLTI). Phonendo is under development and here we focus on the presentation and justification of its interface layers, i.e., data collection and publication on a DLTI.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Note that the acronym DLT refers to a technology while the acronym DLTI refers to the deployment of an infrastructure using this technology.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
51% attacks on certain DLTs for (i) and (ii), social engineering attacks for (iii), or denial of service attacks for (iv).
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
References
The complete reference for IOTA. https://wiki.iota.org/. Accessed 31 July 2022
Correcting the IoT history. http://www.chetansharma.com/correcting-the-iot-history/. Accessed 31 July 2022
Phonendo source code. https://github.com/orgs/dltcafe/teams/phonendo/repositories. Accessed 31 July 2022
That internet of things thing. https://www.rfidjournal.com/that-internet-of-things-thing. Accessed 31 July 2022
Abboushi, B., et al.: A review of the use of wearables in indoor environmental quality studies and an evaluation of data accessibility from a wearable device. Front. Built Environ. 8, 787289 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.787289
Atzori, L., Iera, A., Morabito, G.: The internet of things: a survey. Comput. Netw. 54(15), 2787–2805 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010
Ballandies, M.C., Dapp, M.M., Pournaras, E.: Decrypting distributed ledger design-taxonomy, classification and blockchain community evaluation. Clust. Comput. 25(3), 1817–1838 (2022)
Chen, L., Hoey, J., Nugent, C.D., Cook, D.J., Yu, Z.: Sensor-based activity recognition. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C (Appl. Rev.) 42(6), 790–808 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2198883
Chowdhury, M.J.M., et al.: Trust modeling for blockchain-based wearable data market. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), pp. 411–417 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/CloudCom.2019.00070
Daniels, A.: The rise of private permissionless blockchains-part 1 (2018)
Dave, E., et al.: How the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. The Internet of Things (2011)
Du, Y., Wang, Z., Leung, V.C.M.: Blockchain-enabled edge intelligence for IoT: background, emerging trends and open issues. Future Internet 13(2), 48 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020048
Dwivedi, A.D., Srivastava, G., Dhar, S., Singh, R.: A decentralized privacy-preserving healthcare blockchain for IoT. Sensors 19(2), 326 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020326
Huhn, S., et al.: The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review. JMIR MHealth UHealth 10(1), e34384 (2022). https://doi.org/10.2196/34384
Lashkari, B., Musilek, P.: A comprehensive review of blockchain consensus mechanisms. IEEE Access 9, 43620–43652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3065880
Patil, R.M., Kulkarni, R.: Universal storage and analytical framework of health records using blockchain data from wearable data devices. In: 2020 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA), pp. 311–317 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMIA48430.2020.9074909
Popov, S.: Iota whitepaper v1.4.3. New Yorker 81(8), 1–28 (2018)
Raji, R.: Smart networks for control. IEEE Spectr. 31(6), 49–55 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1109/6.284793
Rauchs, M., et al.: Distributed ledger technology systems: a conceptual framework. SSRN Electr. J. (2018). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3230013
Rose, K., Eldridge, S., Chapin, L.: The internet of things: an overview. Internet Soc. (ISOC) 80, 1–50 (2015)
Sengupta, J., Ruj, S., Bit, S.D.: A comprehensive survey on attacks, security issues and blockchain solutions for IoT and IIoT. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 149, 102481 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102481
Srivastava, G., Dwivedi, A.D., Singh, R.: Automated remote patient monitoring: data sharing and privacy using blockchain (2018). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1811.03417
Vermesan, O., et al.: Internet of things strategic research roadmap (01 2009)
Voulgaris, S., Fotiou, N., Siris, V.A., Polyzos, G.C., Jaatinen, M., Oikonomidis, Y.: Blockchain technology for intelligent environments. Future Internet 11(10), 213 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11100213
Wang, X., et al.: Survey on blockchain for internet of things. Comput. Commun. 136, 10–29 (2019)
Xie, Y., et al.: Integration of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and wearable technology for chronic disease management: a new paradigm in smart healthcare. Curr. Med. Sci. 41(6), 1123–1133 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-021-2485-0
Xu, X., et al.: A taxonomy of blockchain-based systems for architecture design. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), pp. 243–252. IEEE (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Moya, F., Martínez, L., Estrella, F.J. (2023). Phonendo: A Platform for Publishing Wearable Data on DLT. In: Bravo, J., Ochoa, S., Favela, J. (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2022). UCAmI 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 594. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21333-5_100
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21333-5_100
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-21332-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-21333-5
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)