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The Effects of Under and Over Sampling in Exoplanet Transit Identification with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data

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Intelligent Systems (BRACIS 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 13653))

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of experiments with undersampling and oversampling applied to machine learning classifiers used in the identification of exoplanet transits with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. We start by giving an overview of the most popular method for exoplanet detection, followed by an analysis of the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) data set, along with an overview of the state of the art machine learning models applied to this problem, and how complex it is to correctly identify exoplanets on low SNR data. We then briefly discuss our signal-to noise ratio reduction procedure, used to generate the low SNR data for our experiments. Finally we use our low SNR data set to train and evaluate some models in scenarios with no sampling strategy and with oversampling and undersampling, using repeated holdout validation. Results show that current classifiers can identify transits in low SNR data sets, with accuracy varying between 69% and 81%, and that sampling strategies can affect simpler classifiers, making them less conservative, but do not show significant effects on more complex classifiers.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    MES is a significance metric derived, among other things, from the transit SNR, so that the greater a transit’s SNR, the greater its MES [15].

  2. 2.

    Kepler’s KOI catalog has three possible classes for transit events. “CONFIRMED” is a transit which was identified as a PC and lately confirmed by another method; “FALSE POSITIVES” are transits confirmed to fall into one of the false positive categories from Sect. 1; and “CANDIDATE” are transits identified as PC by the pipeline, but which were not yet confirmed by another method.

  3. 3.

    The test was executed through the f_oneway function of the SciPy package [33].

  4. 4.

    Calculated with the pairwise_tukeyhsd function of the statsmodels package [31], leading to AstroNet \(\times \) SIDRA \(t=-0,0561, p\ll 0,001\); AstroNet \(\times \) ExoplanetSVM \(t=-0,0908, p\ll 0,001\); SIDRA \(\times \) ExoplanetSVM \(t=-0,0347, p\ll 0,001\).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernando Correia Braga, Norton Trevisan Roman & Diego Falceta-Gonçalves

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  1. Fernando Correia Braga
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  2. Norton Trevisan Roman
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Correspondence to Fernando Correia Braga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

    João Carlos Xavier-Junior

  2. Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    Ricardo Araújo Rios

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Braga, F.C., Roman, N.T., Falceta-Gonçalves, D. (2022). The Effects of Under and Over Sampling in Exoplanet Transit Identification with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data. In: Xavier-Junior, J.C., Rios, R.A. (eds) Intelligent Systems. BRACIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13653. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21686-2_8

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