Skip to main content

Automating the Implementation of Unsupervised Machine Learning Processes in Smart Cities Scenarios

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 19th International Conference (DCAI 2022)

Abstract

Climate Change has become a problem for all the inhabitants of the planet and the solutions to curb it involve knowing all the data on its causes and effects. To this end, it is essential to have mechanisms capable of reading data from different media in real time. This will make it possible to solve many of the problems that arise in areas such as medicine, Smart Cities, industry, transport, etc. Analysing raw data to provide it with semantics is essential to exploit its full potential, making it possible to manage a large number of everyday tasks. All this raw data often comes from a large number of sensors and other sources, in very different types and formats. The analysis of this data read in real time and cross-referenced with information stored in heterogeneous databases, with data from simulations or with data from digital twins is a great opportunity to combat problems such as Climate Change. This work presents a successful use case by characterising the city of Salamanca in vegetation clusters, where a decarbonisation process of a communication artery that crosses the city from north to south is being carried out. The results of this study will serve to identify the most necessary areas for action in the fight against the polluting gases that cause Climate Change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alonso, R.S., Prieto, J., de La Prieta, F., Rodríguez-González, S., Corchado, J.M.: A review on deep reinforcement learning for the management of SDN and NFV in edge-IoT. In: 2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alonso, R.S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., Corchado, J.M.: Deep reinforcement learning for the management of software-defined networks in smart farming. In: 2020 International Conference on Omni-layer Intelligent Systems (COINS), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Assiri, F.: Methods for assessing, predicting, and improving data veracity: a survey. ADCAIJ: Adv. Distrib. Comput. Artif. Intell. J. 9(4), 5 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. to Bühne, H.S., Tobias, J.A., Durant, S.M., Pettorelli, N.: Improving predictions of climate change–land use change interactions. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 36(1), 29–38 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bushnell, J., Peterman, C., Wolfram, C.: Local solutions to global problems: climate change policies and regulatory jurisdiction. Rev. Environ. Econom. Pol. (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Campero-Jurado, I., Márquez-Sánchez, S., Quintanar-Gómez, J., Rodríguez, S., Corchado, J.M.: Smart helmet 5.0 for industrial internet of things using artificial intelligence. Sensors 20(21), 6241 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carvalho, M., Melo-Gonçalves, P., Teixeira, J., Rocha, A.: Regionalization of Europe based on a k-means cluster analysis of the climate change of temperatures and precipitation. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C 94, 22–28 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chamoso, P., González-Briones, A., De La Prieta, F., Venyagamoorthy, G.K., Corchado, J.M.: Smart city as a distributed platform: toward a system for citizen-oriented management. Comput. Commun. 152, 323–332 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chamoso, P., González-Briones, A., Rodríguez, S., Corchado, J.M.: Tendencies of technologies and platforms in smart cities: a state-of-the-art review. Wireless Commun. Mob. Comput.2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Commission, E.: Attitudes of Europeans towards the environment (2020). https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2257

  11. Corchado, J.M.: Blockchain and its applications on edge computing, industry 4.0, iot and smart cities. Dieleman, S (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Corchado, J.M., Chamoso, P., Hernández, G., Gutierrez, A.S.R., Camacho, A.R., González-Briones, A., Pinto-Santos, F., Goyenechea, E., García-Retuerta, D., Alonso-Miguel, M., et al.: Deepint. net: a rapid deployment platform for smart territories. Sensors 21(1), 236 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Corchado, J.M., Pinto-Santos, F., Aghmou, O., Trabelsi, S.: Intelligent development of smart cities: Deepint. net case studies. In: Sustainable Smart Cities and Territories International Conference, pp. 211–225. Springer (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Corchado, J.M.: Technologies for sustainable consumption - researchgate.net (Apr 2021). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan_Rodriguez331/publication/ 353755163_Technologies_for_sustainable_consumption/links /610ea9491e95fe241abaae5e/Technologies-for-sustainable-consumption.pdf

  15. Corchado Rodríguez, J.M., et al.: Deeptech–ai-iot in smart cities (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Corte-Real, J., Qian, B., Xu, H.: Regional climate change in Portugal: precipitation variability associated with large-scale atmospheric circulation. Int. J. Climatol. J. Roy. Meteorolog. Soc. 18(6), 619–635 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Deilami, K., Kamruzzaman, M., Liu, Y.: Urban heat island effect: A systematic review of spatio-temporal factors, data, methods, and mitigation measures. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observat. Geoinf. 67, 30–42 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Faghmous, J.H., Kumar, V.: A big data guide to understanding climate change: the case for theory-guided data science. Big data 2(3), 155–163 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fan, T., Chen, Y.: A scheme of data management in the internet of things. In: 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content, pp. 110–114. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Garcia-Retuerta, D., Chamoso, P., Hernández, G., Guzmán, A.S.R., Yigitcanlar, T., Corchado, J.M.: An efficient management platform for developing smart cities: Solution for real-time and future crowd detection. Electronics 10(7), 765 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gharaibeh, A., Salahuddin, M.A., Hussini, S.J., Khreishah, A., Khalil, I., Guizani, M., Al-Fuqaha, A.: Smart cities: A survey on data management, security, and enabling technologies. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(4), 2456–2501 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hassani, H., Huang, X., Silva, E.: Big data and climate change. Big Data Cognit. Comput. 3(1), 12 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Heijmeijer, A.V.H., Alves, G.V.: Development of a middleware between sumo simulation tool and Jacamo framework. ADCAIJ: Adv. Distrib. Comput. Artif. Intell. J. 7(2), 5–15 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kitchin, R.: The promise and peril of smart cities. Comput. Law: The J. Soc. Comput. Law 26(2) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Milojevic-Dupont, N., Creutzig, F.: Machine learning for geographically differentiated climate change mitigation in urban areas. Sustainable Cities Soc. 64, 102526 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Plaza-Hernández, M., Gil-González, A.B., Rodríguez-González, S., Prieto-Tejedor, J., Corchado-Rodríguez, J.M.: Integration of iot technologies in the maritime industry. In: International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 107–115. Springer (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sittón-Candanedo, I., Alonso, R.S., Corchado, J.M., Rodríguez-González, S., Casado-Vara, R.: A review of edge computing reference architectures and a new global edge proposal. Future Generat. Comput. Syst. 99, 278–294 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Union, E.: Copernicus (2022). https://www.copernicus.eu

  29. Union, E.: Normalized difference vegetation index (2022). https://land.copernicus.eu/global/products/ndvi

  30. U.S., N.O., Administration, A.: It’s official: July was earth’s hottest month on record (2021). https://www.noaa.gov/news/its-official-july-2021-was-earths-hottest-month-on-record

  31. Zhongming, Z., Wei, L., et al.: Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe 2016-transforming cities in a changing climate (2016)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been partially supported by the project “Intelligent and sustainable mobility supported by multi-agent systems and edge computing (InEDGEMobility): Towards Sustainable Intelligent Mobility: Blockchain -based framework for IoT Security”, Reference: RTI2018-095390-B-C32, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), the State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raúl López-Blanco .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

López-Blanco, R., Alonso, R.S., Prieto, J., Trabelsi, S. (2023). Automating the Implementation of Unsupervised Machine Learning Processes in Smart Cities Scenarios. In: Machado, J.M., et al. Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 19th International Conference. DCAI 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 585. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23210-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics