Abstract
Three-dimensional scanning is a task of great importance for our modern society and has brought significant advances in the precision of material inventory. These sensors map the material surface continuously, allowing real-time inventory monitoring. Most technologies are expensive because this process is complex, and even inexpensive ones are considerate smart investments for the average user. Therefore, this work presents the simulation of a low-cost time-of-flight based 3D scanning system that performs the volume estimation of an object-filled indoor space after a voxelization process. The system consists of a 2D LIDAR scanner that performs an azimuthal scan of 180\(^{\circ }\) through its rotating platform and a motor that rotates the platform in angle inclination.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sick sensor intelligence. www.sick.com
Volume determination for inventory purposes by means of laser scanning. https://www.laserscanning-europe.com/en/news/volume-determination-inventory-purposes-means-laser-scanning
Hacking the neato xv–11 (2015). https://xv11hacking.wikispaces.com/
Neato robotics xv–11 tear-down (2015). https://www.sparkfun.com/news/490
Abreu, A.D.M.: Autopilot simulator prototype for autonomous driving based on SimTwo (2020)
Amaglo, W.Y.: Volume calculation based on lidar data (2021)
Amaral, G., Costa, P.: SimTwo as a simulation environment for flight robot dynamics evaluation. U. Porto J. Eng. 1, 80–88 (2015)
Bewley, A., Shekhar, R., Leonard, S., Upcroft, B., Lever, P.: Real-time volume estimation of a dragline payload. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1571–1576. IEEE (2011)
Bienert, A., Hess, C., Maas, H., Von Oheimb, G.: A voxel-based technique to estimate the volume of trees from terrestrial laser scanner data. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (2014)
Braun, J., Lima, J., Pereira, A.I., Rocha, C., Costa, P.: Searching the optimal parameters of a 3D scanner through particle swarm optimization. In: Pereira, A.I., et al. (eds.) OL2A 2021. CCIS, vol. 1488, pp. 138–152. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91885-9_11
Campos, D., Santos, J., Gonçalves, J., Costa, P.: Modeling and simulation of a hacked Neato XV-11 laser scanner. In: Robot 2015: Second Iberian Robotics Conference. AISC, vol. 417, pp. 425–436. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27146-0_33
Chou, Y.S., Liu, J.S.: A robotic indoor 3D mapping system using a 2D laser. Int. J. Adv. Robotic Syst. (2012). https://doi.org/10.5772/54655
Christensen, J.N.: 3D scanners take volume measurement to a new level (2020)
Costa, P.: SimTwo. https://github.com/P33a/SimTwo
Costa, P., Gonçalves, J., Lima, J., Malheirosa, P.: SimTwo realistic simulator: a tool for the development and validation of robot software. Theo. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 1(1), 17–33 (2011)
Franca, J., Gazziro, M., Ide, A., Saito, J.: A 3D scanning system based on laser triangulation and variable field of view. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, vol. 1, pp. I-425 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2005.1529778
Hosoi, F., Nakai, Y., Omasa, K.: 3-D voxel-based solid modeling of a broad-leaved tree for accurate volume estimation using portable scanning lidar. ISPRS J. Photogram. Remote Sensing 82, 41–48 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.011
Karim, P., V., D.A., A., W.K.: Lidarpheno - a low-cost lidar-based 3D scanning system for leaf morphological trait extraction. Front. Plant Sci. 10 (2019)
Li, K., Wang, J., Qi, D.: The development and application of an original 3D laser scanning: a precise and nondestructive structural measurements system. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale (2020). https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.51.28
Lima, J.L., Gonçalves, J.A., Costa, P.G., Moreira, A.P.: Humanoid realistic simulator: the servomotor joint modeling (2009)
Magalhães, L.T.: Integrais múltiplos (1996)
de Domingues e Silva, A.F.: Ferramenta para desenvolvimento de inteligência em jogos simulados em ambiente simtwo (2015)
Surmann, H., Nüchter, A., Hertzberg, J.: An autonomous mobile robot with a 3D laser range finder for 3D exploration and digitalization of indoor environments. Robot. Auton. Syst. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2003.09.004
Zhang, X., Morris, J., Klette, R.: Volume measurement using a laser scanner (2005)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CeDRI (UIDB/05757/2020 and UIDP/05757/2020), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/DI20/11780028.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bierende, J., Braun, J., Costa, P., Lima, J., Pereira, A.I. (2022). Volume Estimation of an Indoor Space with LiDAR Scanner. In: Pereira, A.I., Košir, A., Fernandes, F.P., Pacheco, M.F., Teixeira, J.P., Lopes, R.P. (eds) Optimization, Learning Algorithms and Applications. OL2A 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1754. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23236-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23236-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23235-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23236-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)