Abstract
In the case of some languages, such as English, when a complex sentence consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause, these two clauses are joined together by either a subordinate ‘completive’ conjunction (that, so that), a circumstantial conjunction (when, before that, while) or a relative pronoun (who, that), e.g. “Because Mom said so, I talked to María”. The subordination in Quechua is induced by a morpho-syntactic marker, applied to the dependent verb of the sentence (e.g. chayta mamai niptin, Mariata rimarqani/ it’s because my mother said that, I talked to María), where the suffix -ptin marks the causative circumstance ‘because’.
The case of participial relative clauses was partially studied by W.F.H. Adelaar, In this paper, I complement his work by proposing new methods to formalize the clause-subordination based on the verbal suffixes {-pti, -spa, -stin}.
I have constructed specific grammars to obtain paraphrases of the sentences containing an adverbial subordinate clause. A few instances of transformations are also presented to illustrate how Quechua sentences containing a dependent clause can be translated into French.
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Notes
- 1.
A canonical QU sentence is a simple sentence (no subordinates), assertive (declarative: no questioning, etc.), neutral on all levels (not negative, without highlighting procedures…), with the words in the simplest order, the most characteristic of their function. That order is: subject - object (complement (s))/attribute) – verb.
- 2.
Inflected GER1 endings: (spa-i, spa-iki, spa-n, spa-nchik, spa-iku, spa-ikichik, spa-nku).
- 3.
Note: It contains however many duplicated outputs.
References
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Duran, M. (2022). Formalization of Transformations of Complex Sentences in Quechua. In: González, M., Reyes, S.S., Rodrigo, A., Silberztein, M. (eds) Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities. NooJ 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1758. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23317-3_7
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