Abstract
In this paper, we build upon the latest advances in the field of gaming AI and social robots by developing a social robot Haru to learn and imitate human strategy in a real-time two player game. Results of our two preliminary user studies show that with our proposed framework, Haru is able to learn and imitate human strategies from different human players, and adapt strategies accordingly when the human player changes the game strategy. Moreover, our user study shows the preference of human players to our Haru which can adapt and imitate human strategy during game playing over Haru with fixed strategies. In addition, our results show that the level of fixed strategy seems to have an effect on the acceptance of social robot in game playing and the distraction of human player from playing the game will decrease Haru’s performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ali, S., Moroso, T., Breazeal, C.: Can children learn creativity from a social robot? In: Proceedings of the 2019 on Creativity and Cognition, pp. 359–368 (2019)
Ashktorab, Z., et al.: Human-AI collaboration in a cooperative game setting: measuring social perception and outcomes. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. 4(CSCW2), 1–20 (2020)
Bartneck, C., Kanda, T., Mubin, O., Al Mahmud, A.: Does the design of a robot influence its animacy and perceived intelligence? Int. J. Soc. Robot. 1(2), 195–204 (2009)
Bartneck, C., Kulić, D., Croft, E., Zoghbi, S.: Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 1(1), 71–81 (2009)
Breazeal, C.: Toward sociable robots. Robot. Auton. Syst. 42(3–4), 167–175 (2003)
Bruce, A., Nourbakhsh, I., Simmons, R.: The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction. In: Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No. 02CH37292), vol. 4, pp. 4138–4142. IEEE (2002)
Chen, H., Park, H.W., Breazeal, C.: Teaching and learning with children: impact of reciprocal peer learning with a social robot on children’s learning and emotive engagement. Comput. Educ. 150, 103836 (2020)
Correia, F., Alves-Oliveira, P., Ribeiro, T., Melo, F.S., Paiva, A.: A social robot as a card game player. In: Proceedings of the 13th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE) (2017)
Cronbach, L.J.: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16(3), 297–334 (1951)
Gockley, R., Forlizzi, J., Simmons, R.: Interactions with a moody robot. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), pp. 186–193 (2006)
Gomez, R., Szapiro, D., Galindo, K., Nakamura, K.: Haru: hardware design of an experimental tabletop robot assistant. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), pp. 233–240. IEEE (2018)
Ho, J., Ermon, S.: Generative adversarial imitation learning. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 29 (2016)
Janssen, J.B., van der Wal, C.C., Neerincx, M.A., Looije, R.: Motivating children to learn arithmetic with an adaptive robot game. In: Mutlu, B., Bartneck, C., Ham, J., Evers, V., Kanda, T. (eds.) ICSR 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7072, pp. 153–162. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25504-5_16
Mnih, V., et al.: Playing Atari with deep reinforcement learning. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1312.5602 (2013)
Mohammadi, H.B., et al.: Designing a personality-driven robot for a human-robot interaction scenario. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 4317–4324. IEEE (2019)
Park, H.W., Rosenberg-Kima, R., Rosenberg, M., Gordon, G., Breazeal, C.: Growing growth mindset with a social robot peer. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), pp. 137–145 (2017)
Scassellati, B., et al.: Improving social skills in children with ASD using a long-term, in-home social robot. Sci. Rob. 3(21), eaat7544 (2018)
Silver, D., et al.: Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature 529(7587), 484–489 (2016)
Terry, J., et al.: PettingZoo: gym for multi-agent reinforcement learning. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 15032–15043 (2021)
Tinakon, W., Nahathai, W.: A comparison of reliability and construct validity between the original and revised versions of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Psychiatry Investig. 9(1), 54 (2012)
Vasylkiv, Y., et al.: Shaping affective robot Haru’s reactive response. In: Proceedings of the 2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), pp. 989–996. IEEE (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zheng, C. et al. (2022). Imitating Human Strategy for Social Robot in Real-Time Two-Player Games. In: Cavallo, F., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13818. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24670-8_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24670-8_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24669-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-24670-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)