Abstract
Space sector is considered to be one of those which are essential to maintain vital economic and social functions. Critical Infrastructures or Critical Entities that belong to these sectors are exposed to a wide range of natural and man-made threats, including natural hazards, terrorist attacks, insider threats, or sabotage, but also to cyber-attacks, which are emerging especially with the use of information related systems, as in the space domain. More specifically, a physical attack on a space ground segment could make the distribution of satellite data problematic, while a cyber-attack attack on its data storage, access and exchange could affect not only the reliability of space data, but also their FAIR standards. The present work will focus on the enhancement of the preparedness and response phases of crisis management, through the use of technological and operational solutions. Thus, three tools namely CIRP-RAT, ENGAGE CSIM and ERPs are presented, including their functionalities and benefits offered to the end-users. The findings and developments presented, are linked with the EU funded project 7SHIELD, which aims to provide the European Ground Segment of Space Systems, with a holistic framework for their cyber–physical protection, enabling them to confront complex cyber and physical threats, by covering all the stages of crisis management, namely pre-crisis, crisis and post-crises.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Council of the EU: Council Directive 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0114
Union, Council of the European: Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the resilience of critical entities. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020PC0829
7SHIELD project. 7SHIELD project (GA No 883284). 7SHIELD project (2022). https://www.7shield.eu/project/. Accessed 10 June 2022
Hromada, M., Rehak, D., Walker, N.: Electricity infrastructure technical security: Practical application and best practices of risk assessment. In: Rehak, D., et al., (eds.) Safety and Security Issues in Technical Infrastructures, pp. 1–30. IGI Global, Hershey (2020). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3059-7.ch001
British Standard Institute (BSI): BS11200: Crisis Management – guidance and good practice. BSI (2014)
Mantzana, V., Georgiou, E., Gazi, A., Gkotsis, I., Chasiotis, I., Eftychidis, G.: Towards a global CIs’ cyber-physical security management and joint coordination approach. In: Abie, H., et al. (eds.) CPS4CIP 2020. LNCS, vol. 12618, pp. 155–170. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69781-5_11
Mariš, L., Loveček, T., Zeegers, M.: Security of infrastructure systems: infrastructure security assessment. In: Rehak, D., et al. (eds.) Safety and Security Issues in Technical Infrastructures, pp. 353–382. IGI Global, Hershey (2020). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3059-7.ch013
Mantzana, V., Darra, E., Gkotsis, I.: Cyber-physical security in healthcare. In: Rehak, D., et al. (eds.) Safety and Security Issues in Technical Infrastructures, pp. 63–87. IGI Global, Hershey (2020). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3059-7.ch003
Giannopoulos, G., Filippini, R., Schimmer, M.: Risk assessment methodologies for Critical Infrastructure Protection. Part I: a state of the art. JRC (2012)
ISO: Risk management—Risk assessment techniques. IEC 31010:2019 (2019)
Giannopoulos, G., Dorneanu, B., Jonkeren, O.: Risk assessment methodology for critical infrastructure protection. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC78292/lbna25745enn.pdf. Accessed 05 June 2013
Fausto, A., et al.: Toward the integration of cyber and physical security monitoring systems for critical infrastructures. Sensors (Basel) 21, 6970 (2021)
Kovacich, G.L., Halibozek, E.P.: The Manager’s Handbook for Corporate Security: Establishing and Managing a Successful Assets Protection Program. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2003)
ENTELEC: ENTELEC. What is a PSIM software platform?, 14 October 2021. https://www.entelec.eu/what-is-a-psim-software-platform. Accessed 10 June 2022
ASME: All-Hazards Risk and Resilience: Prioritizing Critical Infrastructures Using the RAMCAP PlusSM Approach. ASME Press, New York (2009)
LA MÉTHODE EBIOS RISK MANAGER. https://www.ssi.gouv.fr/administration/management-du-risque/la-methode-ebios-risk-manager/
Quick Risk Estimation Tool. ttps://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/toolkit/article/quick-risk-estimation-qre.html
Petit, F.D., et al.: National Technical Reports Library. Protective Measures Index and Vulnerability Index. July 2013 [Online]
Preyssl, C., Atkins, R., Deak, T.: Risk management at ESA. ESA Bull. 97, 64–68 (1999)
Schroeter, J.: Risk management in ESA’s scientific directorate: a case study. ESA Bull. 107, 64–71 (2001)
Norman, T.L.: Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure Selection. Second Edition
EU-CIRCLE (2018) [Online]. https://www.eu-circle.eu/
Acknowledgements
The work presented in this paper has been conducted in the framework of the 7SHIELD project, which has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 883284 respectively. This output reflects the views only of the author(s), and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gkotsis, I. et al. (2023). Solutions for Protecting the Space Ground Segments: From Risk Assessment to Emergency Response. In: Katsikas, S., et al. Computer Security. ESORICS 2022 International Workshops. ESORICS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13785. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25460-4_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25460-4_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25459-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25460-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)