Abstract
In the era of Big Data, relational data is at risk of piracy and misuse when distributed, shared and used. The use of digital watermarking technology is a reliable way to protect the copyright of relational data. In order to protect the copyright of relational data and recover the original data, many reversible watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years. But most of them cannot extract the watermark information completely under severe attacks. To address this problem, a random reversible watermarking scheme is proposed. Watermark embedding algorithm, watermark integrity checking algorithm, watermark detection algorithm and data recovery algorithm are designed. The watermark capacity is increased by embedding multiple watermarks in selected tuples, and the randomness of the watermark information distribution is increased by embedding unequal proportions of watermarks in different tuples. In extracting the watermark, the attacked bits are discarded to improve the accuracy of watermark detection. In addition, only a partition with complete watermark information is selected for watermark extraction. This not only improves the speed of watermark extraction, but also avoids the risk of key leakage from other partitions. The experimental results show that the complete watermark information can be extracted even when more than 90% of the tuples are under attack.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liu, Y.-C., Ma, Y.-T., Zhang, H.-S., Li, D.-Y., Chen, G.-S.: A method for trust management in cloud computing: Data coloring by cloud watermarking. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 8(3), 280–285 (2011)
Cheng, L., Liu, F., Yao, D.: Enterprise data breach: causes, challenges, prevention, and future directions. Wiley Interdisc. Rev. Data Mining Knowl. Discov. 7(5), 1211 (2017)
Wong, P.W., Memon, N.: Secret and public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 10(10), 1593–1601 (2001)
Saadi, S., Merrad, A., Benziane, A.: Novel secured scheme for blind audio/speech norm-space watermarking by arnold algorithm. Signal Process. 154, 74–86 (2019)
Venugopala, P., Sarojadevi, H., Chiplunkar, N.N.: An approach to embed image in video as watermark using a mobile device. Sustain. Comput.: Inform. Syst. 15, 82–87 (2017)
Brassil, J.T., Low, S., Maxemchuk, N.F.: Copyright protection for the electronic distribution of text documents. Proc. IEEE 87(7), 1181–1196 (1999)
Agrawal, R., Kiernan, J.: Watermarking relational databases. In: VLDB’02: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Very Large Databases, pp. 155–166. Elsevier (2002)
Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Rights protection for categorical data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 17(7), 912–926 (2005)
Niu, X., Zhao, L., Huang, W., Zhang, H.: Watermarking relational databases for ownership protection. Acta Electron. Sin. 31(S1), 2050 (2003)
Shehab, M., Bertino, E., Ghafoor, A.: Watermarking relational databases using optimization-based techniques. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 20(1), 116–129 (2008)
Zhang, Y., Yang, B., Niu, X.-M.: Reversible watermarking for relational database authentication. J. Comput. 17(2), 59–66 (2006)
Zhang, Y., Niu, X.-M.: Reversible watermark technique for relational databases. Acta Electron. Sin. 34(S1), 2425 (2006)
Gupta, G., Pieprzyk, J.: Reversible and blind database watermarking using difference expansion. Int. J. Digital Crime Forensics (IJDCF) 1(2), 42–54 (2009)
Farfoura, M.E., Horng, S.-J., Wang, X.: A novel blind reversible method for watermarking relational databases. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 36(1), 87–97 (2013)
Jawad, K., Khan, A.: Genetic algorithm and difference expansion based reversible watermarking for relational databases. J. Syst. Softw. 86(11), 2742–2753 (2013)
Iftikhar, S., Kamran, M., Anwar, Z.: Rrw-a robust and reversible watermarking technique for relational data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 27(4), 1132–1145 (2014)
Franco-Contreras, J., Coatrieux, G.: Robust watermarking of relational databases with ontology-guided distortion control. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10(9), 1939–1952 (2015)
Imamoglu, M.B., Ulutas, M., Ulutas, G.: A new reversible database watermarking approach with firefly optimization algorithm. Math. Problems in Eng. 2017(2), 1–14 (2017)
Hu, D., Zhao, D., Zheng, S.: A new robust approach for reversible database watermarking with distortion control. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 31(6), 1024–1037 (2018)
Li, Y., Wang, J., Ge, S., Luo, X., Wang, B.: A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion. Math. Biosci. Eng. 16(5), 4053–4068 (2019)
Li, Y., Wang, J., Luo, X.: A reversible database watermarking method non-redundancy shifting-based histogram gaps. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 16(5), 1550147720921769 (2020)
Xiang, S., Ruan, G., Li, H., He, J.: Robust watermarking of databases in order-preserving encrypted domain. Front. Comp. Sci. 16(2), 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-020-0112-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, Q., Xian, H., Zhang, J., Liu, K. (2023). A Random Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Relational Data. In: Li, F., Liang, K., Lin, Z., Katsikas, S.K. (eds) Security and Privacy in Communication Networks. SecureComm 2022. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 462. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25538-0_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25538-0_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25537-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25538-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)