Skip to main content

Vision Transformer-Based Bark Image Recognition for Tree Identification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Image and Vision Computing (IVCNZ 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13836))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 757 Accesses

Abstract

Our group is studying tree species recognition using image processing technology. In the previous research, we proposed an image-based bark recognition using CNN. In this paper, we propose a method of recognizing bark image using Vision Transformer (ViT), which has attracted attention in the image recognition task in recent years. Four public datasets of NewBarkTex, TRUNK12, BarkNet1.0, and Bark-101, and a new dataset of 150 tree species originally collected, KyutechBark150, were used in the evaluation experiment. Several CNN models were used as comparison methods. As a result of the recognition experiment, the highest recognition accuracy of ViT was obtained in all the datasets. In addition, the trained model was visualized by t-SNE and attention map, and this paper shows that ViT is effective for bark image recognition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.vicos.si/resources/trunk12/.

  2. 2.

    http://eidolon.univ-lyon2.fr/~remi1/Bark-101/.

References

  1. Boudra, S., Yahiaoui, I., Behloul, A.: A set of statistical radial binary patterns for tree species identification based on bark images. Multim. Tools Appl. 80, 22373–22404 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08874-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Carpentier, M., Giguere, P., Gaudreault, J.: Tree species identification from bark images using convolutional neural networks. In: 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 1075–1081 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8593514

  3. Chen, L.-C., Zhu, Y., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F., Adam, H.: Encoder-decoder with Atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11211, pp. 833–851. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01234-2_49

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Dosovitskiy, A., et al.: An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fiel, S., Sablatnig, R.: Automated identification of tree species from images of the bark, leaves and needles. In: 16th Computer Vision Winter Workshop (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fischler, M.A., Bolles, R.C.: Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Commun. ACM 24(6), 381–395 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1145/358669.358692

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 770–778 (2016).. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90

  8. Ido, J., Saitoh, T.: CNN-based tree species identification from bark image. In: 10th International Conference on Graphics and Image Processing (ICGIP 2018). vol. 11069 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524213

  9. Ido, J., Saitoh, T.: Automatic tree species identification from natural bark image. In: 11th International Conference on Graphics and Image Processing (ICGIP 2019). vol. 11373, pp. 29–34 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557187

  10. Kingma, D., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv:1412.6980 (2014). 10.48550/arXiv. 1412.6980

  11. van der Maaten, L., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Nanni, L., Paci, M., Brahnam, S., Lumini, A.: Comparison of different image data augmentation approaches. J. Imaging 7(12) (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7120254

  13. Porebski, A., Vandenbroucke, N., Macaire, L., Hamad, D.: A new benchmark image test suite for evaluating colour texture classification schemes. Multim. Tools Appl. 70, 543–556 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1418-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ratajczak, R., Bertrand, S., Crispim-Junior, C., Tougne, L.: Efficient bark recognition in the wild. In: International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP2019) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Remes, V., Haindl, M.: Bark recognition using novel rotationally invariant multispectral textural features. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 125, 612–617 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2019.06.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Saitoh, T., Iwata, T., Wakisaka, K.: Okiraku search: Leaf images based visual tree search system. In: 14th IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA), pp. 242–245 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MVA.2015.7153176

  17. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556 (2014). 10.48550/arXiv. 1409.1556

  18. Švab, M.: Computer-vision-based tree trunk recognition. B.sc thesis, Fakulteta za računalništvo in informatiko, Univerza v Ljubljani (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wu, F., Gazo, R., Benes, B., Havia, E.: Deep barkid: a portable tree bark identification system by knowledge distillation. Eur. J. Forest Res. 140, 1391–1399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01407-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takeshi Saitoh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Yamabe, T., Saitoh, T. (2023). Vision Transformer-Based Bark Image Recognition for Tree Identification. In: Yan, W.Q., Nguyen, M., Stommel, M. (eds) Image and Vision Computing. IVCNZ 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13836. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25825-1_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25825-1_37

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25824-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25825-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics