Abstract
Automatic Evaluation of Text Answers, popularly known as Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) is an area of research and development currently. The widespread acceptance of online learning and increased number of enrolments in such courses has necessitated the creation of a method that can be applied across platforms for all types of supply based answers. The current paper proposes a simple technique using the Deep Learning Based Universal Sentence Encoder to generate vectors for each answer. These vectors can then be compared against vectors generated from model answers to get the final score for the student’s answer. Experimental results show that for a sizeable dataset, the approach works well and can be considered a reliable approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chakraborty, M.: Here’s why DU teachers are not evaluating answer papers since May 24. Hindustan Times, June 15, 2018 (2018)
Gafoor, K.A., Umer Farooque, T.K.: Incongruence in scoring practices of answer scripts and their implications: need for urgent examination reforms in secondary pre-service teacher education. In: Proceedings of UGC sponsored national seminar on Fostering 21 st Century Skills: Challenges to Teacher quality, August 22–23, 2014, Kerala, pp. 2–5 (2014)
Sharma, R.: (2017), “Model Rules: Board to train teachers how to evaluate answer-sheets”. The Indian Express, September 8, 2017
Burrows, S., Gurevych, I., Stein, B.: The eras and trends of automatic short answer grading. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 25(1), 60–117 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-014-0026-8
Chang, S.-H., Lin, P.-C., Lin, Z.C.: Measures of partial knowledge and unexpected responses in multiple-choice tests. Educ. Technol. Soc. 10(4), 95–109 (2007)
Lau, P.N.K., Lau, S.H., Hong, K.S., Usop, H.: Guessing, partial knowledge, and misconceptions in multiple-choice tests. J. Educ. Technol. Soc. 14(4), 99–110 (2011). http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.14.4.99
Yee, F.P.: Using Short Open Ended Mathematics Questions to Promote Thinking and Understanding. National Institute of Education, Singapore (2002)
Roy, S.: New Techniques for Automatic Short Answer Grading [Doctoral thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore] (2017)
Suzen, N., Gorban, A.N., Mirkes, E.M.: Automatic short answer grading and feedback using text mining methods, ArXiv:abs/1807.10543 (2018)
Lubis, F.F., et al.: Automated short answer grading using semantic similarity based on word embedding. Int. J. Technol. 12(3), 571–581 (2021)
Ghavidel, H.A., Zouaq, A., Desmarais, M.C.: Using BERT and XLNET for the Automatic Short Answer Grading Task. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2020) - Volume 1, pages 58–67 (2020)
Hasanah, U., Permanasari, A.E., Kusumawardani, S.S., Pribadi, F.S.: A review of an information extraction technique approach for automatic short answer grading. In: 2016 1st International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE), pp. 192–196 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE.2016.7803072
Roy, S., Dandapat, S., Nagesh, A., Narahari, Y.: Wisdom of students: a consistent automatic short answer grading technique. In: Proceedings of the 13th Intl. Conference on Natural Language Processing, Varanasi, India. December 2016, pp. 178–187 (2016)
Wang, J., Dong, Y.: Measurement of text similarity: a survey. Information 11(9), 421 (2020). MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/info11090421
Cer,`D., et al.: Universal Sentence Encoder (2018). arXiv:1803.11175v2 [cs.CL]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1803.11175
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chakraborty, C., Sethi, R., Chauhan, V., Sarma, B., Chakraborty, U.K. (2023). Automatic Short Answer Grading Using Universal Sentence Encoder. In: Auer, M.E., Pachatz, W., Rüütmann, T. (eds) Learning in the Age of Digital and Green Transition. ICL 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 633. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26876-2_49
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26876-2_49
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-26875-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-26876-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)