Abstract
The world recently has faced the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome. The main features of this disease are the rapid spread and high-level mortality. The illness led to the rapid development of a vaccine that we know can fight against the virus; however, we do not know the actual vaccine’s effectiveness. Thus, the early detection of the disease is still necessary to provide a suitable course of action. To help with early detection, intelligent methods such as machine learning and computational intelligence associated with computer vision algorithms can be used in a fast and efficient classification process, especially using ensemble methods that present similar efficiency to traditional machine learning algorithms in the worst-case scenario. Therefore, this review is relevant for driving researchers interested in investigating ensemble methods to improve the classification quality of their algorithms and avoid duplicated efforts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agchung: Covid-19 chest x-ray dataset initiative, visited on march-01st-2022 (2022). https://github.com/agchung/Figure1-COVID-chestxray-dataset
Ahmad, F., Ghani Khan, M.U., Javed, K.: Deep learning model for distinguishing novel coronavirus from other chest related infections in x-ray images. Comput. Biol. Med. 134, 104401 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104401, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482521001955
Arora, R., et al.: AI-based diagnosis of COVID-19 patients using x-ray scans with stochastic ensemble of CNNs. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 44, 1257–1271 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-021-01060-9, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13246-021-01060-9
Asraf, A.: Covid19 with pneumonia and normal chest xray(pa) dataset, visited on may-6th-2022 (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/amanullahasraf/covid19-pneumonia-normal-chest-xraypa-dataset
Avetisian, M., et al.: CORSAI: a system for robust interpretation of CT scans of COVID-19 patients using deep learning. ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst. 12(4) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3467471
Bhowal, P., Sen, S., Yoon, J.H., Geem, Z.W., Sarkar, R.: Choquet integral and coalition game-based ensemble of deep learning models for covid-19 screening from chest x-ray images. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 25(12), 4328–4339 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2021.3111415
Breiman, L.: Bagging predictors. Mach. Learn. 24(2), 123–140 (1996)
Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5–32 (2001)
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B.A., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Khalil, M.: Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Syst. Software 80, 571–583 (2007)
Chandra, T.B., Verma, K., Singh, B.K., Jain, D., Netam, S.S.: Coronavirus disease (covid-19) detection in chest x-ray images using majority voting based classifier ensemble. Expert Systems with Applications 165, 113909 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113909, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417420307041
Chowdhury, M.E.H., et al.: Can AI help in screening viral and covid-19 pneumonia? IEEE Access 8, 132665–132676 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010287, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010287
Cohen, J.P., Morrison, P., Dao, L.: Covid-19 image data collection. arXiv 2003.11597 (2020), https://github.com/ieee8023/covid-chestxray-dataset
Dietterich, T.G.: Ensemble methods in machine learning. In: Kittler, J., Roli, F. (eds.) Ensemble methods in machine learning. LNCS, vol. 1857, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45014-9_1
Faceli, K., Lorena, A.C., Gama, J., Almeida, T.A.D., de L. F., C.A.P.: Inteligência Artificial: Uma Abordagem de Aprendizado de Máquina. LTC, 2nd edn. (2021)
Freund, Y., Schapire, R.E.: A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 55(1), 119–139 (1997)
Freund, Y., Schapire, R.E., et al.: Experiments with a new boosting algorithm. In: ICML, vol. 96, pp. 148–156. Citeseer (1996)
Gama, J., Brazdil, P.: Cascade generalization. Mach. Learn. 41, 315–343 (2000)
Gianchandani, N., Jaiswal, A., Singh, D., et al.: Rapid COVID-19 diagnosis using ensemble deep transfer learning models from chest radiographic images. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02669-6, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-020-02669-6
Jin, W., Dong, S., Dong, C., Ye, X.: Hybrid ensemble model for differential diagnosis between covid-19 and common viral pneumonia by chest x-ray radiograph. Computers in Biology and Medicine 131, 104252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104252, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482521000469
Kedia, P., Anjum, Katarya, R.: Covnet-19: A deep learning model for the detection and analysis of covid-19 patients. Appl. Soft Comput. 104, 107184 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107184, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494621001071
Khangura, S., Konnyu, K., Cushman, R., Grimshaw, J., Moher, D.: Evidence summaries: the evolution of a rapid review approach. Syst. Control Found. Appl. 1(10), 1–10 (2012)
Kieu, S.T.H., Bade, A., Hijazi, Ahmad, M.H., Kolivand, H.: COVID-19 detection using integration of deep learning classifiers and contrast-enhanced canny edge detected x-ray images. IT Prof. 23(4), 51–56 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2021.3052205
Kohavi, R.: Scaling up the accuracy of Naive-Bayes classifiers: a decision tree hybrid. In: 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 202–207 (1996)
Kolter, J.Z., Maloof, M.A.: Dynamic weighted majority: an ensemble method for drifting concepts. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 8, 2755–2790 (2007)
Krawczyk, B., Minku, L.L., Gama, J., Stefanowski, J., Woźniak, M.: Ensemble learning for data stream analysis: a survey. Inf. Fusion 37, 132–156 (2017)
Kumar, N., Gupta, M., Gupta, D., et al.: Novel deep transfer learning model for COVID-19 patient detection using x-ray chest images. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03306-6, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-021-03306-6
Larxel: X rays and CT snapshots of convid-19 patients, visited on may-6th-2022 (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/andrewmvd/convid19-x-rays?select=X+rays
Mooney, P.: Chest x-ray images (pneumonia), visited on may-06th-2022 (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/paultimothymooney/chest-xray-pneumonia
NIH, National Institutes of Health Chest X-Ray Dataset, v.o.M.t..: Nih chest x-rays (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/nih-chest-xrays/data
Babu P, S.A., Annavarapu, C.S.R.: Deep learning-based improved snapshot ensemble technique for covid-19 chest x-ray classification. Applied Intelligence 51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02199-4, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10489-021-02199-4
Patel, P.: Dataset contains chest x-ray images of covid-19, pneumonia and normal patients, visited on may-06th-2022 (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/prashant268/chest-xray-covid19-pneumonia
Pathan, S., Siddalingaswamy, P., Ali, T.: Automated detection of COVID-19 from chest x-ray scans using an optimized CNN architecture. Appl. Soft Comput. 104, 107238 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107238, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494621001617
Rahman, T., Chowdhury, M., Khandakar, A.: Covid-19 chest x-ray database (2022). https://www.kaggle.com/tawsifurrahman/covid19-radiography-database
Rajagopal, R.: Comparative analysis of COVID-19 x-ray images classification using convolutional neural network, transfer learning, and machine learning classifiers using deep features. Pattern Recogn. Image Anal. 31, 313-322 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661821020140, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1054661821020140
Rajaraman, S., Siegelman, J., Alderson, P.O., Folio, L.S., Folio, L.R., Antani, S.K.: Iteratively pruned deep learning ensembles for COVID-19 detection in chest x-rays. IEEE Access 8, 115041–115050 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3003810
Sagi, O., Rokach, L.: Ensemble learning: a survey. Wiley Interdiscipl. Rev. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 8(4), e1249 (2018)
Tuncer, T., Ozyurt, F., Dogan, S., Subasi, A.: A novel COVID-19 and pneumonia classification method based on f-transform. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 210, 104256 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104256, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169743921000241
Turkoglu, M.: Covidetectionet: Covid-19 diagnosis system based on x-ray images using features selected from pre-learned deep features ensemble. Appl. Intell. 51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-020-01888-w, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10489-020-01888-w
Uçar, E., Ümit Atila, Uçar, M., Akyol, K.: Automated detection of COVID-19 disease using deep fused features from chest radiography images. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 69, 102862 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102862, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746809421004596
Wang, Z., D.J..Z.J.: Multi-model ensemble deep learning method to diagnose COVID-19 using chest computed tomography images. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Science) 27, 70-80 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-021-2392-3, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12204-021-2392-3
WHO: Coronavirus disease (covid-19) (2020) events as they happen (who) (2022). https://covid19.who.int, visit in September-27th-2022
Wolpert, D.H.: Stacked generalization. Neural Networks 5(2), 241–259 (1992)
Zhao, W., Zhong, Z., Xie, X., Yu, Q., Liu, J.: Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (covid-19) pneumonia: A multicenter study. Am. J. Roentgenol. 214(5), 1072–1077 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.22976, https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.22976, pMID: 32125873
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Portela, E.P., Cortes, O.A.C., da Silva, J.C. (2023). A Rapid Review on Ensemble Algorithms for COVID-19 Classification Using Image-Based Exams. In: Abraham, A., Pllana, S., Casalino, G., Ma, K., Bajaj, A. (eds) Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. ISDA 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 646. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27440-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27440-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-27439-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-27440-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)